“O homem que tem coragem de desperdiçar uma hora do seu tempo não descobriu o valor da vida.”
Variante: Um homem que ousa desperdiçar uma hora ainda não descobriu o valor da vida.
Charles Robert Darwin FRS foi um naturalista britânico que alcançou fama ao convencer a comunidade científica da ocorrência da evolução e propor uma teoria para explicar como ela se dá por meio da seleção natural e sexual. Esta teoria culminou no que é, agora, considerado o paradigma central para explicação de diversos fenômenos na biologia. Foi laureado com a medalha Wollaston concedida pela Sociedade Geológica de Londres, em 1859.
Darwin começou a se interessar por história natural na universidade enquanto era estudante de Medicina e, depois, Teologia. A sua viagem de cinco anos a bordo do brigue HMS Beagle e escritos posteriores trouxeram-lhe reconhecimento como geólogo e fama como escritor. Suas observações da natureza levaram-no ao estudo da diversificação das espécies e, em 1838, ao desenvolvimento da teoria da Seleção Natural. Consciente de que outros antes dele tinham sido severamente punidos por sugerir ideias como aquela, ele as confiou apenas a amigos próximos e continuou a sua pesquisa tentando antecipar possíveis objeções. Contudo, a informação de que Alfred Russel Wallace tinha desenvolvido uma ideia similar forçou a publicação conjunta das suas teorias em 1858.
Em seu livro de 1859, "A Origem das Espécies" , ele introduziu a ideia de evolução a partir de um ancestral comum, por meio de seleção natural. Esta se tornou a explicação científica dominante para a diversidade de espécies na natureza. Ele ingressou na Royal Society e continuou a sua pesquisa, escrevendo uma série de livros sobre plantas e animais, incluindo a espécie humana, notavelmente "A descendência do Homem e Seleção em relação ao Sexo" e "A Expressão da Emoção em Homens e Animais" .
Em reconhecimento à importância do seu trabalho, Darwin foi enterrado na Abadia de Westminster, próximo a Charles Lyell, William Herschel e Isaac Newton. Foi uma das cinco pessoas não ligadas à família real inglesa a ter um funeral de Estado no século XIX.
“O homem que tem coragem de desperdiçar uma hora do seu tempo não descobriu o valor da vida.”
Variante: Um homem que ousa desperdiçar uma hora ainda não descobriu o valor da vida.
“Enquanto meio de educação, a escola para mim foi um simples vazio.”
Darwin e a Ciência da evolução.
A Descendência do Homem e Seleção em Relação ao Sexo (1871) - Cap. II: Comparação dos Poderes Mentais do Homem e Dos Animais Inferiores, pg 34.
“O homem ainda traz em sua estrutura fisica a marca indelével de sua origem primitiva.”
Man still bears in his bodily frame the indelible stamp of his lowly origin.
The Descent of Man (Darwin) Capítulo XXI (1871)
A Descendência do Homem e Seleção em Relação ao Sexo (1871) - Volume 2, página 395 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=411&itemID=F937.2&viewtype=side.
“Conseguimos realizar nossos propósitos, economizando os minutos.”
Variante: Conseguimos realizar os nossos propósitos, economizando os minutos.
A Descendência do Homem e Seleção em Relação ao Sexo (1871) - Volume 1, Introdução, página 3 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=16&itemID=F937.1&viewtype=image.
A Viagem do Beagle - Cap. XXI : Mauritius Para a Inglaterra
“Foi como confessar um assassinato.”
Em relação a exposição da Teoria da Evolução.
Revista Superinteressante Edição 240
“Agora a psicologia se assentará sobre um novo alicerce.”
Psychology will be based on a new foundation
On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life - página 424 http://books.google.com.br/books?id=ez9KAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA424, Charles Darwin - D. Appleton and company, 1869 - 432 páginas
The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, volume I, capítulo VIII: "Religião", página 313 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=331&itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=image
The Reluctant Mr. Darwin, David Quammen, p. 119-121
Carta 12757, de Darwin a Edward Bibbins Aveling, 13 de Outubro de 1880
" Notebook N http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_notebooks.html" (1838) page 36 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=25&itemID=CUL-DAR126.-&viewtype=text
quoted in [Darwin's Religious Odyssey, 2002, William E., Phipps, Trinity Press International, 9781563383847, 32, http://books.google.com/books?id=0TA81BTW3dIC&pg=PA32]
also quoted in On Evolution: The Development of the Theory of Natural Selection (1996) edited by Thomas F. Glick and David Kohn, page 81
Other letters, notebooks, journal articles, recollected statements
Fonte: Notebooks
Fonte: On the Origin of Species (1859), chapter XV: "Recapitulation and Conclusion", page 421 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=449&itemID=F391&viewtype=image, in the sixth (1872) edition
Fonte: On the Origin of Species (1859), chapter XV: "Recapitulation and Conclusion", page 421 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=449&itemID=F391&viewtype=image, in the sixth (1872) edition
Fonte: The Origin of Species
Fonte: On the Origin of Species (1859), Chapter VI: "Difficulties on Theory", page 189 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=207&itemID=F373&viewtype=image
Fonte: The Origin of Species
“… for the shield may be as important for victory, as the sword or spear.”
Fonte: The Origin of Species
Fonte: The Autobiography of Charles Darwin, 1809–82
“It is always advisable to perceive clearly our ignorance.”
Fonte: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
Fonte: More Letters of Charles Darwin, Vol 2
volume I, chapter VIII: "Religion", page 307 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=325&itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=image; letter http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-11981 from Emma Darwin (wife) to N.A. Mengden (8 April 1879)
The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (1887)
letter http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F2113&viewtype=text&pageseq=7 to E. Ray Lankester, quoted in his essay "Charles Robert Darwin" in C.D. Warner, editor, Library of the World's Best Literature: Ancient and Modern (R.S. Peale & J.A. Hill, New York, 1896) volume 2, pages 4835-4393, at page 4391
Other letters, notebooks, journal articles, recollected statements
Fonte: The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (1881), Chapter 1: Habits of Worms, p. 35. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=50&itemID=F1357&viewtype=image
“Alas! A scientific man ought to have no wishes, no affections — a mere heart of stone.”
Letter to T.H. Huxley, 9 July 1857, More Letters of Charles Darwin, Francis Darwin and A.C. Seward, editors (1903) volume I, chapter II: "Evolution, 1844-1858", page 98 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=141&itemID=F1548.1&viewtype=image
Other letters, notebooks, journal articles, recollected statements
volume I, chapter II: "Comparison of the Mental Powers of Man and the Lower Animals", page 40 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=53&itemID=F937.1&viewtype=image
The Descent of Man (1871)
volume I, chapter VIII: "Religion", pages 308-309 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=326&itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=image
Francis Darwin calls these "extracts, somewhat abbreviated, from a part of the Autobiography, written in 1876". The original version is presented below.
The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (1887)
Variante: p>But I was very unwilling to give up my belief;—I feel sure of this for I can well remember often and often inventing day-dreams of old letters between distinguished Romans and manuscripts being discovered at Pompeii or elsewhere which confirmed in the most striking manner all that was written in the Gospels. But I found it more and more difficult, with free scope given to my imagination, to invent evidence which would suffice to convince me. Thus disbelief crept over me at a very slow rate, but was at last complete. The rate was so slow that I felt no distress, and have never since doubted even for a single second that my conclusion was correct. I can indeed hardly see how anyone ought to wish Christianity to be true; for if so the plain language of the text seems to show that the men who do not believe, and this would include my Father, Brother and almost all my best friends, will be everlastingly punished.And this is a damnable doctrine.Although I did not think much about the existence of a personal God until a considerably later period of my life, I will here give the vague conclusions to which I have been driven. The old argument of design in nature, as given by Paley, which formerly seemed to me so conclusive, fails, now that the law of natural selection has been discovered. We can no longer argue that, for instance, the beautiful hinge of a bivalve shell must have been made by an intelligent being, like the hinge of a door by man. There seems to be no more design in the variability of organic beings and in the action of natural selection, than in the course which the wind blows. Everything in nature is the result of fixed laws. But I have discussed this subject at the end of my book on the Variation of Domesticated Animals and Plants, and the argument there given has never, as far as I can see, been answered.</p
Letter to J.D. Hooker, 29 March 1863
In The Correspondence of Charles Darwin, volume 11, 1863; Frederick Burkhardt, Duncan Porter, Sheila Ann Dean, Jonathan R. Topham, Sarah Wilmot, editors; Cambridge University Press, September 1999, page 278
Sometimes paraphrased as “One might as well speculate about the origin of matter.”
Other letters, notebooks, journal articles, recollected statements
"The action of carbonate of ammonia on chlorophyll-bodies" Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) (read 6 March 1882) volume 19, pages 262-284, at page 262 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=1&itemID=F1801&viewtype=text
Detractors sometimes claim Darwin thought that the cell was an undifferentiated mass of protoplasm. Anyone reading this paper will realize that Darwin thought no such thing.
Other letters, notebooks, journal articles, recollected statements
volume I, chapter VII: "On the Races of Man", page 216 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=238&itemID=F937.1&viewtype=image
The Descent of Man (1871)
volume II, chapter XXI: "General Summary and Conclusion", page 388 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=405&itemID=F937.2&viewtype=image
The Descent of Man (1871)
Letter http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/entry-2719 to J.D. Hooker, 3 March 1860
Other letters, notebooks, journal articles, recollected statements
volume I, chapter II: "Autobiography", page 46 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=64&itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=image
The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin (1887)
Fonte: The Voyage of the Beagle (1839), chapter XVII: "Galapagos Archipelago" (second edition, 1845), entry for 8 October 1835, pages 377-378 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=390&itemID=F14&viewtype=image
volume II, chapter XXI: "General Summary and Conclusion", page 385 http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=402&itemID=F937.2&viewtype=image
The Descent of Man (1871)
Fonte: The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (1881), Chapter 1: Habits of Worms, p. 28. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=43&itemID=F1357&viewtype=image
" Notebook C http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_notebooks.html" (1838), pp. 196–197; also quoted in Charles Darwin: a scientific biography (1958) by Sir Gavin De Beer, p. 208
Other letters, notebooks, journal articles, recollected statements