Frases de Mao Tsé-Tung

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“Quem são os nossos inimigos? Quem são os nossos amigos? Essa é uma pergunta importantíssima Para a Revolução.”

“Para fazermos a revolução necessitamos dum partido revolucionário. Sem um partido revolucionário, sem um partido fundado na teoria revolucionária marxista-leninista, é impossível dirigir a classe operária e as grandes massas do povo à vitória sobre o imperialismo e os seus lacaios.”

“Poder político cresce do cano de uma arma.”

“A prática é o critério da verdade.”

“A nossa posição é a do proletariado e das massas populares.”

“O sistema socialista acabará por substituir o sistema capitalista; essa é um lei objetiva, independente da vontade do homem. Por muito que os reacionários tendem impedir o avanço da roda da história, tarde ou cedo a revolução se fará e conquistará inevitavelmente a vitória.”

“Seja resoluto, não tenha medo de sacrifícios e derrube todas as dificuldades para a vitória.”

“Comunismo não é amor, comunismo é um martelo com o qual se golpeia o inimigo”

“O povo, e só o povo, constitui a força motriz na criação da história universal.”

“Não há caminhos retos no mundo.”

“Todo o conhecimento genuíno tem origem na experiência direta.”

“A política é uma guerra sem derramamento de sangue, e a guerra uma política com derramamento de sangue.”

“Devemos apoiar tudo que o inimigo combate, e combater tudo o que o inimigo apóia.”

“O inimigo avança, retiramos. O inimigo acampa, provocamos. O inimigo cansa, atacamos. O inimigo se retira, perseguimos.”

“O poder nasce da ponta do cano de um fuzil.”

“Somos a favor da abolição da guerra, não queremos a guerra. Mas a guerra só pode ser abolida com a guerra. Para que não existam mais fuzis, é preciso empunhar o fuzil.”

“Os camponeses ricos têm uma forte propensão para o capitalismo.”

“Só progride quem é modesto. O orgulho obriga a dar passos para trás.”

“A bomba atómica é um tigre de papel que os reaccionários americanos usam para assustar as pessoas.”

“O urgente geralmente atenta contra o necessário.”

“Guardar-se da arrogância. Isso constitui uma questão de princípio para os dirigentes, mas é também uma importante condição para manter a unidade. Nem mesmo aqueles que não cometeram erros graves e conseguiram grandes êxitos no trabalho devem ser arrogantes.”

“Nós devemos banir das nossas fileiras toda a ideologia feita de fraqueza e impotência. São errados todos os pontos de vista que valorizam a força do inimigo e subestimam a força do povo.”

“A auto-satisfação é inimiga do estudo. Se queremos realmente aprender alguma coisa, devemos começar por libertar-nos disso. Em relação a nós próprios devemos ser 'insaciáveis na aprendizagem' e em relação aos outros, 'insaciáveis no ensino'.”

“O poder político nasce do cano da espingarda.”

“The richest source of power to wage war lies in the masses of the people. It is mainly because of the unorganized state of the Chinese masses that Japan dares to bully us. When this defect is remedied, the the Japanese aggressor, like a mad bull crashing into a ring of flames, will be surrounded by hundreds of millions of our people standing upright, the mere sound of their voices will strike terror into him, and he will be burned to death.”

“New things always have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow. It is sheer fantasy to imagine that the cause of socialism is all plain sailing and easy success, without difficulties and setbacks or the exertion of tremendous efforts.”

“Our agrarian revolution has been a process in which the landlord class owning the land is transformed into a class that has lost its land, while the peasants who once lost their land are transformed into small holders who have acquired land, and it will be such a process once again. In given conditions having and not having, acquiring and losing, are interconnected; there is identity of the two sides. Under socialism, private peasant ownership is transformed into the public ownership of socialist agriculture; this has already taken place in the Soviet Union, as it will take place everywhere else. There is a bridge leading from private property to public property, which in philosophy is called identity, or transformation into each other, or interpenetration.”

“The fundamental cause of the development of a thing is not external but internal; it lies in the contradictoriness within the thing. This internal contradiction exists in every single thing, hence its motion and development. Contradictoriness within a thing is the fundamental cause of its development, while its interrelations and interactions with other things are secondary causes.”

“The state system, a joint dictatorship of all the revolutionary classes and the system of government, democratic centralism--these constitute the politics of New Democracy, the republic of New Democracy, the republic of the anti-Japanese united front, the republic of the new Three People's Principles with their Three Great Policies' the Republic of China in reality as well as in name. Today we have a Republic of China in name but not in reality, and our present task is to create the reality that will fit the name.”

“The people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.”

“All the rest of the world uses the word "electricity." They've borrowed the word from English. But we Chinese have our own word for it!”

“For many years we Communists have struggled for a cultural revolution as well as for a political and economic revolution, and our aim is to build a new society and a new state for the Chinese nation. That new society and new state will have not only a new politics and a new economy but a new culture. In other words, not only do we want to change a China that is politically oppressed and economically exploited into a China that is politically free and economically prosperous, we also want to change the China which is being kept ignorant and backward under the sway of the old culture into an enlightened and progressive China under the sway of a new culture. In short, we want to build a new China. Our aim in the cultural sphere is to build a new Chinese national culture.”

“It [materialist dialectics] holds that external causes are the condition of change and internal causes are the basis of change, and that external causes become operative through internal causes. In a suitable temperature an egg changes into a chicken, but no temperature can change a stone into a chicken, because each has a different basis.”

“Many people think it impossible for guerrillas to exist for long in the enemy's rear. Such a belief reveals lack of comprehension of the relationship that should exist between the people and the troops. The former may be likened to water the latter to the fish who inhabit it. How may it be said that these two cannot exist together?”

“As regards the sequence in the movement of man's knowledge, there is always a gradual growth from the knowledge of individual and particular things to the knowledge of things in general. Only after man knows the particular essence of many different things can he proceed to generalization and know the common essence of things.”

“Revolutions and revolutionary wars are inevitable in class society, and without them it is impossible to accomplish any leap in social development and to overthrow the reactionary ruling classes and therefore impossible for the people to win political power.”

“Our educational policy must enable everyone who receives an education to develop morally, intellectually and physically and become a worker with both socialist consciousness and culture.”

“Communism is at once a complete system of proletarian ideology and a new social system. It is different from any other ideological and social system, and is the most complete, progressive revolutionary and rational system in human history. The ideological and social system of feudalism has a place only in the museum of history. The ideological and social system of capitalism has also resembles "a dying person who is sinking fast, like the sun setting beyond the western hills", and will soon be relegated to the museum. The communist ideological and social system alone is full of youth and vitality, sweeping the world with the momentum of an avalanche and the force of a thunderbolt.”

“Communists must use the democratic method of persuasion and education when working among the laboring people and must on no account resort to commandism or coercion. The Chinese Communist Party faithfully adheres to this Marxist-Leninist principle.”

“Liberalism is extremely harmful in a revolutionary collective. It is a corrosive which eats away unity, undermines cohesion causes apathy and creates dissension. It robs the revolutionary ranks of compact organization and strict discipline, prevents policies from being carried through and alienates the Party organization from the masses which the Party leads. It is an extremely bad tendency.”

“If the U. S. monopoly capitalist groups persist in pushing their policies of aggression and war, the day is bound to come when they will be hanged by the people of the whole world. The same fate awaits the accomplices of the United States.”

“Now, there are two different attitudes towards learning from others. One is the dogmatic attitude of transplanting everything, whether or not it is suited to our conditions. This is no good. The other attitude is to use our heads and learn those things that suit our conditions, that is, to absorb whatever experience is useful to us. That is the attitude we should adopt.”

“In ordinary circumstances, contradictions among the people are not antagonistic. However, if they are not handled properly, or if we relax our vigilance and lower our guard, antagonism may arise. In a socialist country, a development of this kind is usually only a localized and temporary phenomenon. The reason is that the system of exploitation of man by man has been abolished and the interests of the people are the same.”

“This army is powerful because all its members have a discipline based on political consciousness; they have come together and they fight not for the private interests of a few individuals or a narrow clique, but for the interests of the broad masses and of the whole nation. The sole purpose of this army is to stand firmly with the Chinese people and to serve them whole-heartedly.”

“In seeking victory, those who direct a war cannot overstep the limitations imposed by the objective conditions. Within these limitations, however, they can and must play a dynamic role in striving for victory. The stage of action for commanders in a war must be built upon objective possibilities, but on that stage they can direct the performance of many a drama, full of sound and color, power and grandeur.”

“Communists must at all times stand up for the truth, because truth is in the interests of the people and Communists must be ready at all times to correct their mistakes, because mistakes are against the interests of the people.”

“This army has an indomitable spirit and is determined to vanquish all enemies and never to yield. No matter what the difficulties and hardships, so long as a single man remains, he will fight on.”

“If in any process there are a number of contradictions, one of them must be the principal contradiction playing the leading and decisive role, while the rest occupy a secondary and subordinate position. Therefore, in studying any complex process in which there are two or more contradictions, we must devote every effort to finding its principal contradiction. Once this principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved.”

“Only by waging such a people's war can we defeat the national enemy. The Kuomintang has failed precisely because of its desperate opposition to a people's war.”

“Who are our enemies? Who are our friends? This is a question of the first importance for the revolution.”

“Stalin made mistakes. He made mistakes towards us, for example, in 1927. He made mistakes towards the Yugoslavs too. One cannot advance without mistakes… It is necessary to make mistakes. The party cannot be educated without learning from mistakes. This has great significance.”

“While we recognize that in the general development of history the material determines the mental and social being determines social consciousness, we also - and indeed must - recognize the reaction of mental on material things, of social consciousness on social being and of the superstructure on the economic base. This does not go against materialism; on the contrary, it avoids mechanical materialism and firmly upholds dialectical materialism.”

“Discover the truth through practice, and again through practice verify and develop the truth. Start from perceptual knowledge and actively develop it into rational knowledge; then start from rational knowledge and actively guide revolutionary practice to change both the subjective and the objective world. Practice, knowledge, again practice, and again knowledge. This form repeats itself in endless cycles, and with each cycle the content of practice and knowledge rises to a higher level. Such is the whole of the dialectical-materialist theory of knowledge, and such is the dialectical-materialist theory of the unity of knowing and doing.”