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Ulysses S. Grant foi o 18.º Presidente dos Estados Unidos da América . Como General Comandante, Grant esteve ao lado do Presidente Abraham Lincoln liderando o Exército da União na vitória contra a Confederação durante a Guerra de Secessão. Implementou a chamada Reconstrução dos Estados Unidos, muitas vezes em desacordo com o sucessor de Lincoln, Andrew Johnson. Eleito por duas vezes presidente, Grant levou os Republicanos a apagar os vestígios do nacionalismo confederado e da escravatura, protegeu os cidadãos afro-americanos, e deu apoio à prosperidade económica por toda a nação. A sua presidência repetidamente alvo de críticas por tolerar a corrupção, e o seu segundo mandato como presidente levou o país a uma grave depressão económica.

Grant formou-se em 1843 na Academia Militar dos Estados Unidos em West Point, e prestou serviço na Guerra Mexicano-Americana, retirando-se em 1854. Durante a sua vida civil, passou por dificuldades financeiras. Quando a Guerra Civil começou em 1861, juntou-se, de novo, ao Exército dos Estados Unidos. Em 1862, Grant ficou responsável pelo Kentucky e grande parte do Tennessee, e levou a as forças da União à vitória na Batalha de Shiloh, ganhando a reputação de comandante agressivo. Durante o conflito, incorporou escravos afro-americanos no esforço da guerra. Em Julho de 1863, depois de várias batalhas, Grant derrotou os exércitos Confederados e cercou Vicksburg, dando o controlo do rio Mississípi à União ao dividir a Confederação em dois. Depois das suas vitórias durante a Campanha de Chattanooga, Lincoln promoveu-o a tenente-general, e a Comandante General dos Estados Unidos em Março de 1864. Grant ficou frente-a-frente com Robert E. Lee em várias batalhas sangrentas, cercando o exército deste na defesa de Richmond. Grant coordenou uma série de campanhas devastadoras em outros locais. Em Abril de 1865, Lee rendeu-se a Grant na Batalha de Appomattox, pondo termo à guerra. A maioria dos historiadores elogiam o génio militar de Grant, e as suas estratégias fazem parte dos livros sobre estratégia militar, mas alguns acham que ele obtinha as suas vitórias por via da força bruta e não de uma estratégia superior.

Despois da Guerra Civil, Grant liderou o a supervisão do exército da Reconstrução nos ex-estados Confederados. Eleito presidente em 1868, e reeleito em 1872, Grant conseguiu estabilizar o estado da nação durante os agitados anos da Reconstrução, processou o Ku Klux Klan e reforçou as leis dos direitos civis e de votos com o apoio do exército e do Departamento de Justiça dos Estados Unidos. Com a ajuda do exército, construiu o Partido Republicano no Sul, com base nos cidadãso votantes negros, migrantes do Norte e apoiantes brancos Sulistas . Depois da privação de direitos de alguns ex-Confederados, os republicanos obtiveram maiorias e os afro-americanos foram eleitos para o Congresso e altos gabinetes de estado. No seu segundo mandato, as coligações republicanas do Sul dividiram-se e foram derrotadas uma a uma à medida que os redeemers retomavam o controlo pela violência. A política de relações pacíficas com os índios implementada por Grant, resultou numa redução inicial da violência nas fronteiras, mas ficou marcada pela Grande Guerra com os Sioux em 1876, na qual George Custer e o seu regimento foram mortos na Batalha de Little Bighorn. Ao longo da sua presidência, Grant teve de enfrentar acusações de corrupção nos gabinetes executivos, incluindo investigações do Congresso a duas secretarias.

No que respeita à política externa, Grant aumentou as relações comerciais e a influência da América, ao mesmo tempo que se mantinha em paz com o mundo. A sua administração resolveu com sucesso as reivindicações do ''Alabama'' junto da Grã-Bretanha, pondo um ponto final nas tensões da guerra. Grant evitou a guerra com a Espanha depois do Caso Virginius, mas o Congresso rejeitou a sua tentativa de anexação da República Dominicana. Na política comercial, a administração de Grant implementou o padrão-ouro e procurou fortalecer o dólar. A sua resposta ao Pânico de 1873 trouxe algum alívio financeiro aos bancos de Nova Iorque, mas não conseguiu travar a depressão de cinco anos que fez aumentar o desemprego, baixar preços, baixar os lucros e as falências. Ao deixar a presidência em 1877, embarcou numa viagem à volta do mundo que durou dois anos.

Em 1880, Grant não conseguiu obter apoio dos republicanos para um terceiro mandato. Face a sérios reveses financeiros e a morrer de cancro da garganta, escreveu as suas memórias, obtendo uma boa recepção da crítica e boas vendas. A sua morte em 1885 deu origem a um sentimento de uma unidade nacional. As avaliações dos presidentes feitas pelos historiadores foram negativas até à década de 1980. Os académicos colocam a presidência de Grant abaixo da média de outros presidentes. Os seus críticos avaliam negativamente a sua gestão económica e o tratado de anexação da República Dominicana, enquanto os seus admiradores destacam a sua preocupação pelos [[Povos nativos dos Estados Unidos |Nativos Americanos]] e da defesa dos direitos de voto e civis.



✵ 27. Abril 1822 – 23. Julho 1885
Ulysses S. Grant photo
Ulysses S. Grant: 178   citações 1   Curtida

Ulysses S. Grant frases e citações

“Apesar de um soldado por profissão, nunca senti qualquer tipo de gosto para a guerra, e eu nunca a defendi, exceto como meio de paz.”

Ulysses S. Grant

Although a soldier by profession, I have never felt any sort of fondness for war, and I have never advocated it, except as a means of peace.
Fonte: Discurso em Londres, como citado no Memorial da Vida Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (1889), editado por Stephen Merrill Allen, p. 95

De guerra , De paz

Ulysses S. Grant: Frases em inglês

“Santo Domingo is fertile, and upon its soil may be grown just those tropical products of which the United States use so much, and which are produced or prepared for market now by slave labor almost exclusively, namely, sugar, coffee, dyewoods, mahogany, tropical fruits, tobacco, etc. About 75 per cent of the exports of Cuba are consumed in the United States. A large percentage of the exports of Brazil also find the same market. These are paid for almost exclusively in coin, legislation, particularly in Cuba, being unfavorable to a mutual exchange of the products of each country.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

1870s, Eighth State of the Union Address (1876)

“The acquisition of San Domingo is an adherence to the 'Monroe doctrine'; it is a measure of national protection; it is asserting our just claim to a controlling influence over the great commercial traffic soon to flow from west to east by way of the Isthmus of Darien; it is to build up our merchant marine; it is to furnish new markets for the products of our farms, shops, and manufactories; it is to make slavery insupportable in Cuba and Porto Rico at once, and ultimately so in Brazil; it is to settle the unhappy condition of Cuba and end an exterminating conflict; it is to provide honest means of paying our honest debts without overtaxing the people; it is to furnish our citizens with the necessaries of everyday life at cheaper rates than ever before; and it is, in fine, a rapid stride toward that greatness which the intelligence, industry, and enterprise of the citizens of the United States entitle this country to assume among nations.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

1870s, Second State of the Union Address (1870)

“A private citizen like Preston Blair can say what he pleases, since he has no authority over anything. If you want to discuss peace with President Lincoln, consider revisions.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

To Alexander H. Stephens, Lincoln http://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Lincoln.html (2012).
In fiction, Lincoln (2012)

“I have long since believed that in spite of all the vigilance that can be infused into post commanders, the special regulations of the Treasury Department have been violated, and that mostly by Jews and other unprincipled traders. So well satisfied have I been of this that I instructed the commanding officers at Columbus to refuse all permits to Jews to come South, and I have frequently had them expelled from the department, but they come in with their carpet-sacks in spite of all that can be done to prevent it. The Jews seem to be a privileged class that can travel anywhere. They will land at any woodyard on the river and make their way through the country. If not permitted to buy cotton themselves, they will act as agents for someone else, who will be at military post with a Treasury permit to receive cotton and pay for it in Treasury notes which the Jew will buy up at an agreed rate, paying gold.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

Letter to C. P. Wolcott, Assistant Secretary of War, Washington (17 December 1862).
1860s

“In conformity with the recommendation of Congress, a proposition was early made to the British Government to abolish the mixed courts created under the treaty of April 7, 1862, for the suppression of the slave trade. The subject is still under negotiation.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

1860s, First State of the Union Address (1869)

“Labor disgraces no man; unfortunately you occasionally find men disgrace labor.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

Speech at Midland International Arbitration Union, Birmingham, United Kingdom (1877).
1870s

“We are responsible for these things in his race. It is not fair to visit our faults upon him, let him alone.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

As quoted in letter to Henry Ward Beecher, by Mark Twain.

“I would therefore call upon Congress to take all the means within their constitutional powers to promote and encourage popular education throughout the country, and upon the people everywhere to see to it that all who possess and exercise political rights shall have the opportunity to acquire the knowledge which will make their share in the Government a blessing and not a danger. By such means only can the benefits contemplated by this amendment to the Constitution be secured.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

1870s, Message to the Senate and House of Representatives (1870)

“Is he really dead?”

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Ulysses S. Grant

After hearing of John Sedgwick's death, as quoted in The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864 https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0807121363 (1997), by Gordon C. Rhea, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, p. 95.
1860s

“I desire to direct your attention to the fact that citizens of the United States, or persons claiming to be citizens of the United States, are large holders in foreign lands of this species of property, forbidden by the fundamental law of their alleged country. I recommend to Congress to provide by stringent legislation a suitable remedy against the holding, owning or dealing in slaves, or being interested in slave property, in foreign lands, either as owners, hirers, or mortgagors, by citizens of the United States.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

1870s, Third State of the Union Address (1871)

“I suffer the mortification of seeing myself attacked right and left by people at home professing patriotism and love of country who never heard the whistle of a hostile bullet. I pity them and the nation dependent on such for its existence. I am thankful, however, that though such people make a great noise the masses are not like them.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

Letter to his sister Mary (15 December 1862) https://books.google.com/books?id=mUjQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA505
1860s

“I do not pretend to sustain the order. At the time of its publication I was insensed by a reprimand received from Washington for permitting acts which the Jews, within my lines, were engaged in.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

1860s, Letter to Isaac N. Morris (1868)

“The Mexicans were badly commanded, and there was very little hard fighting during that war, at least nothing to be compared with what was seen afterward in our own. Our soldiers had only to show the bayonet at the Mexicans and they would run. As to the bowie-knife, I do not think one was used during the war. It was a pity to see good troops used as the Mexican soldiers were in those campaigns. I do not think a more incompetent set of officers ever existed than those who commanded the Mexicans. With an able general the Mexicans would make a good fight, for they are a courageous people. But I do not suppose any war was ever fought with reference to which so many romances were invented as the war in Mexico.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

Fonte: 1870s, Around the World with General Grant (1879), pp. 162–163

“There had to be an end of slavery. Then we were fighting an enemy with whom we could not make a peace. We had to destroy him. No convention, no treaty was possible. Only destruction.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

To Otto von Bismarck in June 1878, as quoted in Around the World with General Grant http://www.granthomepage.com/grantslavery.htm (1879), by John Russell Young, The American News Company, New York, vol. 7, p. 416
1870s, Around the World with General Grant (1879)

“With a soldier the flag is paramount. I know the struggle with my conscience during the Mexican War. I have never altogether forgiven myself for going into that. I had very strong opinions on the subject. I do not think there was ever a more wicked war than that waged by the United States on Mexico. I thought so at the time, when I was a youngster, only I had not moral courage enough to resign. I had taken an oath to serve eight years, unless sooner discharged, and I considered my supreme duty was to my flag. I had a horror of the Mexican War, and I have always believed that it was on our part most unjust. The wickedness was not in the way our soldiers conducted it, but in the conduct of our government in declaring war. The troops behaved well in Mexico, and the government acted handsomely about the peace. We had no claim on Mexico. Texas had no claim beyond the Nueces River, and yet we pushed on to the Rio Grande and crossed it. I am always ashamed of my country when I think of that invasion. Once in Mexico, however, and the people, those who had property, were our friends. We could have held Mexico, and made it a permanent section of the Union with the consent of all classes whose consent was worth having. Overtures were made to Scott and Worth to remain in the country with their armies.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

On the Mexican–American War, p. 448 https://archive.org/details/aroundworldgrant02younuoft/page/n4
1870s, Around the World with General Grant (1879)

“The Mexicans are a good people. They live on little and work hard. They suffer from the influence of the Church, which, while I was in Mexico at least, was as bad as could be. The Mexicans were good soldiers, but badly commanded. The country is rich, and if the people could be assured a good government, they would prosper. See what we have made of Texas and California — empires. There are the same materials for new empires in Mexico. I have always had a deep interest in Mexico and her people, and have always wished them well. I suppose the fact that I served there as a young man, and the impressions the country made upon my young mind, have a good deal to do with this. When I was in London, talking with Lord Beaconsfield, he spoke of Mexico. He said he wished to heaven we had taken the country, that England would not like anything better than to see the United States annex it. I suppose that will be the future of the country. Now that slavery is out of the way there could be no better future for Mexico than absorption in the United States. But it would have to come, as San Domingo tried to come, by the free will of the people. I would not fire a gun to annex territory. I consider it too great a privilege to belong to the United States for us to go around gunning for new territories. Then the question of annexation means the question of suffrage, and that becomes more and more serious every day with us. That is one of the grave problems of our future.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

On Mexicans and Mexico's future, pp. 448–449 https://archive.org/details/aroundworldgrant02younuoft/page/n4
1870s, Around the World with General Grant (1879)

“I am a Republican, as the two great political parties as now divided, because the Republican party is a National party, seeking the greatest good for the greatest number of citizens. There is not a precinct in this vast Nation where a Democrat cannot cast his ballot and have it counted as cast. No matter what the prominence of the opposite party, he can proclaim his political opinions, even if he is only one among a thousand, without fear and without proscription on account of his opinions.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

As quoted in Words of Our Hero, Ulysses S. Grant https://books.google.com/books?id=wqJBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%22the+one+thing+i+never+wanted+to+see+again+was+a+military+parade%22&source=bl&ots=zH525oYpJn&sig=ACfU3U0GLPNgij-FmXIDwgWp_Kg8zDskWg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4uc7PzKniAhUq1lkKHWhlBfQQ6AEwBXoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22the%20one%20thing%20i%20never%20wanted%20to%20see%20again%20was%20a%20military%20parade%22&f=false, by Jeremiah Chaplin, p. 57
1880s, Speech at Warren, Ohio (1880)

“I am a Republican for many other reasons. The Republican party assures protection to life and property, the public credit and the payment of the debts of the Government, State, county, or municipality so far as it can control. The Democratic party does not promise this; if it does, it has broken its promises to the extent of hundreds of millions, as many Northern Democrats can testify to their sorrow.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

As quoted in Words of Our Hero, Ulysses S. Grant https://books.google.com/books?id=wqJBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%22the+one+thing+i+never+wanted+to+see+again+was+a+military+parade%22&source=bl&ots=zH525oYpJn&sig=ACfU3U0GLPNgij-FmXIDwgWp_Kg8zDskWg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4uc7PzKniAhUq1lkKHWhlBfQQ6AEwBXoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22the%20one%20thing%20i%20never%20wanted%20to%20see%20again%20was%20a%20military%20parade%22&f=false, by Jeremiah Chaplin, p. 58
1880s, Speech at Warren, Ohio (1880)

“The Republican party is a party of progress and of liberality toward its opponents. It encourages the poor to strive to better their children, to enable them to compete successfully with their more fortunate associates, and, in fine, it secures an entire equality before the law of every citizen, no matter what his race, nationality, or previous condition. It tolerates no privileged class. Every one has the opportunity to make himself all he is capable of.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant, as quoted in Words of Our Hero, Ulysses S. Grant https://books.google.com/books?id=wqJBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=%22the+one+thing+i+never+wanted+to+see+again+was+a+military+parade%22&source=bl&ots=zH525oYpJn&sig=ACfU3U0GLPNgij-FmXIDwgWp_Kg8zDskWg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4uc7PzKniAhUq1lkKHWhlBfQQ6AEwBXoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22the%20one%20thing%20i%20never%20wanted%20to%20see%20again%20was%20a%20military%20parade%22&f=false, by Jeremiah Chaplin, p. 59
1880s, Speech at Warren, Ohio (1880)

“The war is over — the rebels are our countrymen again. The war is over, the Rebels are our countrymen again, and the best sign of rejoicing after the victory will be to abstain from all demonstrations in the field.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

Upon stopping his men from cheering after Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House (9 April 1865)
1860s

“I rise only to say that I do not intend to say anything. I thank you for your hearty welcomes and good cheers.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

U.S. Grant's "perfect speech" which he used on several occasions beginning in 1865, as quoted in Grant: A Biography (1982) by William S. McFeely, p. 234
1860s

“I feel that we are on the eve of a new era, when there is to be great harmony between the Federal and Confederate. I cannot stay to be a living witness to the correctness of this prophecy; but I feel it within me that it is to be so. The universally kind feeling expressed for me at a time when it was supposed that each day would prove my last, seemed to me the beginning of the answer to "Let us have peace."”

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Ulysses S. Grant

The expression of these kindly feelings were not restricted to a section of the country, nor to a division of the people. They came from individual citizens of all nationalities; from all denominations — the Protestant, the Catholic, and the Jew; and from the various societies of the land — scientific, educational, religious or otherwise. Politics did not enter into the matter at all.
I am not egotist enough to suppose all this significance should be given because I was the object of it. But the war between the States was a very bloody and a very costly war. One side or the other had to yield principles they deemed dearer than life before it could be brought to an end. I commanded the whole of the mighty host engaged on the victorious side. I was, no matter whether deservedly so or not, a representative of that side of the controversy. It is a significant and gratifying fact that Confederates should have joined heartily in this spontaneous move. I hope the good feeling inaugurated may continue to the end.

Conclusion
1880s, Personal Memoirs of General U. S. Grant (1885)

“There was no time during the rebellion when I did not think, and often say, that the South was more to be benefited by its defeat than the North. The latter had the people, the institutions, and the territory to make a great and prosperous nation. The former was burdened with an institution abhorrent to all civilized people not brought up under it, and one which degraded labor, kept it in ignorance, and enervated the governing class. With the outside world at war with this institution, they could not have extended their territory. The labor of the country was not skilled, nor allowed to become so. The whites could not toil without becoming degraded, and those who did were denominated 'poor white trash.'”

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Ulysses S. Grant

The system of labor would have soon exhausted the soil and left the people poor. The non-slaveholders would have left the country, and the small slaveholder must have sold out to his more fortunate neighbor. Soon the slaves would have outnumbered the masters, and, not being in sympathy with them, would have risen in their might and exterminated them. The war was expensive to the South as well as to the North, both in blood and treasure, but it was worth all it cost.

Ch. 41
1880s, Personal Memoirs of General U. S. Grant (1885)

“The right of revolution is an inherent one. When people are oppressed by their government, it is a natural right they enjoy to relieve themselves of the oppression, if they are strong enough, either by withdrawal from it, or by overthrowing it and substituting a government more acceptable. But any people or part of a people who resort to this remedy, stake their lives, their property, and every claim for protection given by citizenship — on the issue. Victory, or the conditions imposed by the conqueror — must be the result.”

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Fonte: 1880s, Personal Memoirs of General U. S. Grant (1885), Ch. 16

“It was my fortune, or misfortune, to be called to the office of Chief Executive without any previous political training. From the age of 17 I had never even witnessed the excitement attending a Presidential campaign but twice antecedent to my own candidacy, and at but one of them was I eligible as a voter.
Under such circumstances it is but reasonable to suppose that errors of judgment must have occurred. Even had they not, differences of opinion between the Executive, bound by an oath to the strict performance of his duties, and writers and debaters must have arisen. It is not necessarily evidence of blunder on the part of the Executive because there are these differences of views. Mistakes have been made, as all can see and I admit...”

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1870s, Eighth State of the Union Address (1876)

“Oh, I am heartily tired of hearing about what Lee is going to do. Some of you always seem to think he is suddenly going to turn a double somersault, and land in our rear and on both of our flanks at the same time. Go back to your command, and try to think what we are going to do ourselves, instead of what Lee is going to do.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

As quoted in "Campaigning with Grant" http://books.google.com/books?id=Y7TPAAAAMAAJ&q="Oh+I+am+heartily+tired+of+hearing+about+what+Lee+is+going+to+do+Some+of+you+always+seem+to+think+he+is+suddenly+going+to+turn+a+double+somersault+and+land+in+our+rear+and+on+both+of+our+flanks+at+the+same+time+Go+back+to+your+command+and+try+to+think+what+we+are+going+to+do+ourselves+instead+of+what+Lee+is+going+to+do"&pg=PA230#v=onepage (December 1896), by General Horace Porter, The Century Magazine
1860s

“Though I have been trained as a soldier, and participated in many battles, there never was a time when, in my opinion, some way could not be found to prevent the drawing of the sword. I look forward to an epoch when a court, recognized by all nations, will settle international differences, instead of keeping large standing armies as they do in Europe.”

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Ulysses S. Grant

As quoted in "International Arbitration" by W. H. Dellenback in The Commencement Annual, University of Michigan (30 June 1892) and in A Half Century of International Problems: A Lawyer's Views (1954) by Frederic René Coudert, p. 180

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