“O que sabemos é uma gota, o que ignoramos é um oceano.”
Em 1687, Explicando a sua Terceira Lei de Newton - Ação e Reação
Isaac Newton foi um astrônomo, alquimista, filósofo natural, teólogo e cientista inglês, mais reconhecido como físico e matemático.
Sua obra, Princípios Matemáticos da Filosofia Natural é considerada uma das mais influentes na história da ciência. Publicada em 1687, esta obra descreve a lei da gravitação universal e as três leis de Newton, que fundamentaram a mecânica clássica. Ao demonstrar a consistência que havia entre o sistema por si idealizado e as leis de Kepler do movimento dos planetas, foi o primeiro a demonstrar que os movimentos de objetos, tanto na Terra como em outros corpos celestes, são governados pelo mesmo conjunto de leis naturais. O poder unificador e profético de suas leis era centrado na revolução científica, no avanço do heliocentrismo e na difundida noção de que a investigação racional pode revelar o funcionamento mais intrínseco da natureza.
Newton construiu o primeiro telescópio refletor operacional e desenvolveu a teoria das cores baseada na observação que um prisma decompõe a luz branca em várias cores do espectro visível. Ele também formulou uma lei empírica de resfriamento e estudou a velocidade do som. Além de seu trabalho em cálculo infinitesimal, como matemático Newton contribuiu para o estudo das séries de potências, generalizou o teorema binomial para expoentes não inteiros, e desenvolveu o método de Newton para a aproximação das raízes de uma função, além de muitas outras contribuições importantes. Newton também dedicou muito de seu tempo ao estudo da alquimia e da cronologia bíblica, mas a maior parte de seu trabalho nessas áreas permaneceu não publicada até muito tempo depois de sua morte.
Em uma pesquisa promovida pela Royal Society, Newton foi considerado o cientista que causou maior impacto na história da ciência.
De personalidade sóbria, fechada e solitária, para ele a função da ciência era descobrir leis universais e enunciá-las de forma precisa e racional.
Wikipedia
“O que sabemos é uma gota, o que ignoramos é um oceano.”
Em 1687, Explicando a sua Terceira Lei de Newton - Ação e Reação
“Se vi mais longe foi por estar de pé sobre ombros de gigantes.”
If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.
Fonte: Tiner, J.H. (1975). Isaac Newton: Inventor, Scientist and Teacher. Milford, Michigan, U.S.: Mott Media
“Platão é meu amigo; Aristóteles é meu amigo — mas meu melhor amigo é a verdade.”
Amicus Plato — amicus Aristoteles — magis amica veritas
Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae [Certain Philosophical Questions] (c. 1664)
I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.
"Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton" (1855) por Sir David Brewster (Volume II. Ch. 27).
“Eu consigo calcular o movimento dos corpos celestiais, mas não a loucura das pessoas.”
I can calculate the motions of the heavenly bodies, but not the madness of people.
Depois de perder uma fortuna em especulando na Companhia Mar do Sul, conforme citado no " The Damn'd Mar do Sul http://www.harvardmag.com/mj99/damnd.html" Harvard Magazine (maio / junho 1999)
Fonte: Principia, Book III; citado em; Newton’s Philosophy of Nature: Selections from his writings, p. 42, ed. H.S. Thayer, Hafner Library of Classics, NY, 1953.
“Construímos muros demais e pontes de menos.”
We build too many walls and not enough bridges
Toobeez Teambuilding Activity Workbook: The Toobeez Teambuilding Activity Workbook Helps Teams to Exercise Their Creative Problem-solving, Communication and Collaboration Skills - Página 14, de Tom Heck e Toobeez Heck - Editora TOOBEEZ, LLC, 2005, ISBN 0976567008, 9780976567004
“Nenhuma grande descoberta foi feita jamais sem um palpite ousado.”
No great discovery was ever made without a bold guess
citado em "The Palladium: a monthly journal" - Volume I, Página 151 http://books.google.com.br/books?id=GWQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA151, Edinburgh: James Hogg; London: R. Groombridge & Sons, 1850, 238 páginas
“Se fiz descobertas valiosas, foi mais por ter paciência do que qualquer outro talento.”
If I have ever made any valuable discoveries, it has been owing more to patient attention, than to any other talent.
citado em "The Quarterly Magazine of the Independent Order of Odd-Fellows, Manchester Unity" - Página 146 http://books.google.com.br/books?id=mrEEAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA146, de Independent Order of Odd Fellows Manchester Unity - Publicado por Published by the G.M. and Board of Directors, 1862, 260 páginas
(Achei!), mas "Isto é engraçado..."
Isaac Newton, conforme relatado por Singh, Simon - Big Bang - Editora Record - Rio de Janeiro / São Paulo - 2006. ISBN: 85-01-07213-3 - (pág. 334)
Atribuídas
Of Humanity -->
A short Schem of the true Religion
(ca. 1716) A Catalogue of the Portsmouth Collection of Books and Papers Written by Or Belonging to Sir Isaac Newton https://books.google.com/books?id=3wcjAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR18 (1888) Preface
Also partially quoted in Sir Sidney Lee (ed.), The Dictionary of National Biography Vol.40 http://books.google.com/books?id=NycJAAAAIAAJ (1894)
Vol. I, Ch. 9: Of the Kingdoms Represented in Daniel by the Ram and He-Goat
Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733)
Query 21
Opticks (1704)
Vol. I, Ch. 1: Introduction concerning the Compilers of the books of the Old Testament
Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733)
Contexto: The authority of Emperors, Kings, and Princes, is human. The authority of Councils, Synods, Bishops, and Presbyters, is human. The authority of the Prophets is divine, and comprehends the sum of religion, reckoning Moses and the Apostles among the Prophets; and if an Angel from Heaven preach any other gospel, than what they have delivered, let him be accursed. Their writings contain covenant between God and his people, with instructions for keeping this covenant; instances of God’s judgments upon them that break it: and predictions of things to come. While the people of God keep the covenant they continue to be his people: when they break it they cease to be his people or church, and become the Synagogue of Satan, who say they are Jews and are not. And no power on earth is authorized to alter this covenant.
The predictions of things to come relate to the state of the Church in all ages: and amongst the old Prophets, Daniel is most distinct in order of time, and easiest to be understood: and therefore in those things which relate to the last times, he must be made the key to the rest.
Of Godliness.
A short Schem of the true Religion
“I have studied these things — you have not.”
Reported as Newton's response, whenever Edmond Halley would say anything disrespectful of religion, by Sir David Brewster in The Life of Sir Isaac Newton (1831). This has often been quoted in recent years as having been a statement specifically defending Astrology. Newton wrote extensively on the importance of Prophecy, and studied Alchemy, but there is little evidence that he took favourable notice of astrology http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/astrology/newton.htm. In a footnote, Brewster attributes the anecdote to the astronomer Nevil Maskelyne who is said to have passed it on to Oxford professor Stephen Peter Rigaud http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gLcVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA301&lpg=PA301&dq=brewster+newton+%22I+have+studied%22&source=bl&ots=dEwk6nHcSa&sig=F2uReuXjRWwL3w647pfaU1PlbC0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fqu5UpzkAvOA7Qap9oGoDQ&ved=0CGoQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=brewster%20newton%20%22I%20have%20studied%22&f=false
Vol. I, Ch. 3: Of the vision of the Image composed of four Metals
Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733)
Definitions - Scholium
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton (edited by Whiteside), Volume 7; Volumes 1691-1695 / pg. 261. http://books.google.com.br/books?id=YDEP1XgmknEC&printsec=frontcover
Geometriae (Treatise on Geometry)
Laws of Motion, II
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
I frame no hypotheses.
A famous statement in the "General Scholium" of the third edition, indicating his belief that the law of universal gravitation was a fundamental empirical law, and that he proposed no hypotheses on how gravity could propagate.
Variant translation: I feign no hypotheses.
As translated by Alexandre Koyré (1956)
I have not as yet been able to discover the reason for these properties of gravity from phenomena, and I do not feign hypotheses. For whatever is not deduced from the phenomena must be called a hypothesis; and hypotheses, whether metaphysical or physical, or based on occult qualities, or mechanical, have no place in experimental philosophy. In this philosophy particular propositions are inferred from the phenomena, and afterwards rendered general by induction.
As translated by I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman (1999)
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
Laws of Motion, III
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
The Prophecy of the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven relates to the second coming of Christ; that of the Prince of the host relates to his first coming: and this Prophecy of the Messiah, in explaining them, relates to both comings, and assigns the times thereof.
Vol. I, Ch. 10: Of the Prophecy of the Seventy Weeks
Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733)
Vol. I, Ch. 3: Of the vision of the Image composed of four Metals
Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733)
A short Schem of the true Religion
Exod. 23.21. And we must believe also that by his incarnation of the Virgin he came in the flesh not in appearance only but really & truly , being in all things made like unto his brethren (Heb. 2 17) for which reason he is called also the son of man.
Drafts on the history of the Church (Section 3). Yahuda Ms. 15.3, National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel. 2006 Online Version at Newton Project http://www.newtonproject.sussex.ac.uk/view/texts/normalized/THEM00220
Though many prefer the Parabola before it, for the Simplicity of the Æquation by which it is express'd. But by this Reason the Parabola ought to be preferr'd before the Circle it self, which it never is. Therefore the reasoning from the Simplicity of the Æquation will not hold. The modern Geometers are too fond of the Speculation of Æquations.
Arithmetica Universalis (1707)
And is not this Medium the same with that Medium by which Light is refracted and reflected and by whose Vibrations Light communicates Heat to Bodies, and is put into Fits of easy Reflexion and easy Transmission? ...And do not hot Bodies communicate their Heat to contiguous cold ones, by the Vibrations of this Medium propagated from them into the cold ones? And is not this Medium exceedingly more rare and subtile than the Air, and exceedingly more elastick and active? And doth it not readily pervade all Bodies? And is it not (by its elastick force) expanded through all the Heavens?
Query 18
Opticks (1704)