Frases de Maximilien Robespierre
Maximilien Robespierre
Data de nascimento: 6. Maio 1758
Data de falecimento: 28. Julho 1794
Outros nomes: Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore de Robespierre
Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre foi um advogado e político francês, e uma das personalidades mais importantes da Revolução Francesa.
Os seus amigos chamavam-lhe "O Incorruptível". Principal membro dos Montanha durante a Convenção, ele encarnou a tendência mais radical da Revolução, transformando-se numa das figuras mais controversas deste período. Os seus inimigos chamavam-lhe o “Candeia de Arras”, “Tirano” e “Ditador sanguinário” durante o Terror.
Obras
Citações Maximilien Robespierre
„A mesma autoridade divina que ordena aos reis serem justos, proíbe aos povos serem escravos.“
L'autorité divine qui ordonne aux rois d'être justes, défend aux peuples d'être esclaves.
citado em Robespierre - Página 12, Marc Bouloiseau - Presses universitaires de France, 1957 - 128 páginas
„Não é por um povo que combatemos, mas pelo universo! Não pelos que vivem hoje, mas por todos aqueles que existirão.“
n'est pas pour un peuple que nous combattons , mais pour l'univers? pour les hommes qui vivent aujourd'hui , mais pour tous ceux qui existeront?
Œuvres de Maximilien Robespierre: avec une notice historique, des notes et des commentaires, Volume 3 - Página 468 http://books.google.com.br/books?id=f4YfAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA468, Maximilien Robespierre, Laponneraye, Armand Carrel - Chez l'éditeur, 1840
„A morte não é o sono eterno. […] A morte é o início da imortalidade!“
— Maximilien Robespierre, Œuvres de Robespierre
la mort n'est pas un sommeil éternel! [...] la mort est le commencement de l'immortalité.
Œuvres de Robespierre - página 150 http://books.google.com.br/books?id=WR8JAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA150, Maximilien Robespierre, Auguste Vermorel, editor Auguste Vermorel, editora F. Cournol, 1866
„Se a existência de Deus, se a imortalidade da alma não fossem senão sonhos, ainda assim seriam a mais bela de todas as concepções do espírito humano.“
Si l'existence de Dieu, si l'immortalité de l'âme n'étaient que des songes, elles seraient encore la plus belle conception de l'esprit humain.
Oeuvres ... avec une notice historique ... - Volume 3, Página 623 http://books.google.com.br/books?id=AsZCAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA623, Maximilien Robespierre - Chez l'éditeur, 1840
„The secret of freedom lies in educating people, whereas the secret of tyranny is in keeping them ignorant.“
Original French: Le secret de la liberté est d'éclairer les hommes, comme celui de la tyrannie est de les retenir dans l'ignorance
Fonte: Oeuvres, Volume 2 http://books.google.com/books?id=iSMVAAAAQAAJ p. 253.
„Citizens, did you want a revolution without revolution?“
Original French: Citoyens, vouliez-vous une révolution sans révolution?
Réponse à J.- B. Louvet http://www.royet.org/nea1789-1794/archives/discours/robespierre_reponse_louvet.htm, a speech to the National Convention (5 November 1792)
„By sealing our work with our blood, we may see at least the bright dawn of universal happiness.“
Original French: En scellant notre ouvrage de notre sang, nous puissions voir au moins briller l'aurore de la félicité universelle.
Speech to the National Convention (5 February 1794)
„The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny.“
Original French: Le gouvernement de la révolution est le despotisme de la liberté contre la tyrannie.
Speech to the National Convention http://www.royet.org/nea1789-1794/archives/discours/robespierre_principes_morale_politique_05_02_94.htm (5 February 1794)
„The most extravagant idea that can be born in the head of a political thinker is to believe that it suffices for people to enter, weapons in hand, among a foreign people and expect to have its laws and constitution embraced. No one loves armed missionaries; the first lesson of nature and prudence is to repulse them as enemies.“
Original French: La plus extravagante idée qui puisse naître dans la tête d'un politique est de croire qu'il suffise à un peuple d'entrer à main armée chez un peuple étranger, pour lui faire adopter ses lois et sa constitution. Personne n'aime les missionnaires armés; et le premier conseil que donnent la nature et la prudence, c'est de les repousser comme des ennemis.
Sur la guerre (1ère intervention), a speech to the Jacobin Club (2 January 1792)
„lf the attribute of popular government in peace is virtue, the attribute of popular government in revolution is at one and the same time virtue and terror, virtue without which terror is fatal, terror without which virtue is impotent. The terror is nothing but justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is thus an emanation of virtue.“
Speech to the National Convention, (5 February 1794), as quoted in The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923, Vol. 1 (1951) by Edward Hallett Carr, p. 154
Variant translations:
The attribute of popular government in a revolution is at one and the same time virtue and terror. Terror without virtue is fatal; virtue without terror is impotent. The terror is nothing but justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is thus an emanation of virtue.
As quoted in Red Star Over Southern Africa (1988) by Morgan Norval, p. xvi
If the mainspring of popular government in peace time is virtue, its resource during a revolution is at one and the same time virtue and terror; virtue, without which terror is merely terrible; terror, without which virtue is simply powerless.
As quoted in Rousseau, Robespierre and English Romanticism (1999) by Gregory Dart
Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our country's most urgent needs.
Original French: La terreur n'est autre chose que la justice prompte, sévère, inflexible; elle est donc une émanation de la vertu ; elle est moins un principe particulier, qu’une conséquence du principe général de la démocratie, appliqué aux plus pressants besoins de la patrie.
From Sur les principes de morale politique http://www.royet.org/nea1789-1794/archives/discours/robespierre_principes_morale_politique_05_02_94.htm
„When a nation has been forced to resort to the right of insurrection, it returns to the state of nature in relation to the tyrant. How can the tyrant invoke the state of nature in relation to the tyrant. How can the tyrant invoke the social pact? He has annihilated it. The nation can still keep it, if it thinks fit, for everything conserving relations between citizens; but the effect of tyranny and insurrection is to break it entirely where the tyrant is concerned; it places them reciprocally in a state of war. Courts and legal proceeding are only for members of the same side.“
Speech on the Trial of Louis XVI (Dec. 3, 1792)
Fonte: https://ihrf.univ-paris1.fr/enseignement/outils-et-materiaux-pedagogiques/textes-et-sources-sur-la-revolution-francaise/proces-du-roi-discours-de-robespierre/ Speech on the Trial of Louis XVI (Dec. 3, 1792)
en.wikiquote.org - Maximilien Robespierre / Quotes / Speech on the Trial of Louis XVI (Dec. 3, 1792) https://ihrf.univ-paris1.fr/enseignement/outils-et-materiaux-pedagogiques/textes-et-sources-sur-la-revolution-francaise/proces-du-roi-discours-de-robespierre/
„Louis cannot be judged; either he is already condemned or the Republic is not acquitted. Proposing to put Louis on trial, in whatever way that could be done, would be to regress towards royal and constitutional despotism; it is a counter-revolutionary idea, for it means putting the revolution itself in contention.“
Speech on the Trial of Louis XVI (Dec. 3, 1792)
Fonte: https://ihrf.univ-paris1.fr/enseignement/outils-et-materiaux-pedagogiques/textes-et-sources-sur-la-revolution-francaise/proces-du-roi-discours-de-robespierre/ Speech on the Trial of Louis XVI (Dec. 3, 1792)
en.wikiquote.org - Maximilien Robespierre / Quotes / Speech on the Trial of Louis XVI (Dec. 3, 1792) https://ihrf.univ-paris1.fr/enseignement/outils-et-materiaux-pedagogiques/textes-et-sources-sur-la-revolution-francaise/proces-du-roi-discours-de-robespierre/
„It is a gross contradiction to suppose that the constitution might preside over this new order of things; that would be to assume it had itself survived. What are the laws that replace it? Those of nature, the one which is the foundation of society itself: the salvation of the people. The right to punish the tyrant and the right to dethrone him are the same thing; both include the same forms. The tyrant’s trial is the insurrection; the verdict, the collapse of his power; the sentence, whatever the liberty of the people requires.“
Speech on the Trial of Louis XVI (Dec. 3, 1792)
Fonte: https://ihrf.univ-paris1.fr/enseignement/outils-et-materiaux-pedagogiques/textes-et-sources-sur-la-revolution-francaise/proces-du-roi-discours-de-robespierre/ Speech on the Trial of Louis XVI (Dec. 3, 1792)
en.wikiquote.org - Maximilien Robespierre / Quotes / Speech on the Trial of Louis XVI (Dec. 3, 1792) https://ihrf.univ-paris1.fr/enseignement/outils-et-materiaux-pedagogiques/textes-et-sources-sur-la-revolution-francaise/proces-du-roi-discours-de-robespierre/
„To punish the oppressors of humanity is clemency; to forgive them is cruelty. The severity of tyrants has barbarity for its principle; that of a republican government is founded on beneficence. Therefore let him beware who should dare to influence the people by that terror which is made only for their enemies! Let him beware, who, regarding the inevitable errors of civism in the same light, with the premeditated crimes of perfidiousness, or the attempts of conspirators, suffers the dangerous intriguer to escape and pursues the peaceable citizen! Death to the villain who dares abuse the sacred name of liberty or the powerful arms intended for her defence, to carry mourning or death to the patriotic heart...“
Principles to Form the Basis of the Administration of the Republic (February 1794)
„The warmth of zeal is not perhaps the most dangerous rock that we have to avoid; but rather that languour which ease produces and a distrust of our own courage. Therefore continually wind up the sacred spring of republican government, instead of letting it run down. I need not say that I am not here justifying any excess. Principles the most sacred may be abused: the wisdom of government should guide its operations according to circumstances, it should time its measures, choose its means; for the manner of bringing about great things is an essential part of the talent of producing them, just as wisdom is an essential attribute of virtue....“
Principles to Form the Basis of the Administration of the Republic (February 1794)
„All that tends to... debase them into selfish egotism, to awaken an infatuation for littlenesses, and a disregard for greatness, you should reject or repress. In the system of the French revolution that which is immoral is impolitic, and what tends to corrupt is counter-revolutionary. Weaknesses, vices, prejudices are the road to monarchy. Carried away, too often perhaps, by the force of ancient habits, as well as by the innate imperfection of human nature, to false ideas and pusillanimous sentiments, we have more to fear from the excesses of weakness, than from excesses of energy.“
Principles to Form the Basis of the Administration of the Republic (February 1794)
