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Frases de John Dalton

John Dalton foi um químico, meteorologista e físico britânico Foi um dos primeiros cientistas a defender que a matéria é feita de pequenas partículas, os átomos. É também um dos pioneiros na meteorologia, iniciando suas observações em 1787 com instrumentos confeccionados por ele mesmo e publicando, seis anos mais tarde, o livro Meteorological Observations and Essays , um dos primeiros concernentes à ciência meteorológica.Suas observações experimentais permitiram-lhe elaborar teorias sobre o vapor d'água e misturas de gases, apresentando em 1801 sua lei das pressões parciais: em uma mistura de gases, cada componente exerce a mesma pressão como se estivesse solitária no recipiente que a contém. Dalton concluiu que toda matéria, não apenas gases, deve se consistir de diminutas partículas. Reviveu, assim, a antiga teoria atômica e elaborou a primeira tabela de pesos atômicos, anunciando seus resultados em 1803. Ao fim de sua vida, sua teoria atômica estava amplamente difundida entre a comunidade química e reconhecida pelo rei da Inglaterra com a Medalha Real. Wikipedia  

✵ 6. Setembro 1766 – 27. Julho 1844
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John Dalton frases e citações

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“"Um fluido elástico puro é uma das partículas constituintes que são todas iguais ou que não se distinguem de forma alguma. Vapor, ou vapor aquoso, gás hidrogênio, gás oxigénio... e vários outros são deste tipo. ...Qualquer que seja ...a forma ou figura do átomo sólido abstraído, quando rodeado por tal atmosfera deve ser globular; mas como todos os glóbulos em qualquer pequeno volume estão sujeitos à mesma pressão, devem ser iguais a granel e, portanto, dispostos em estratos horizontais, como uma pilha de projécteis".”

John Dalton

John Dalton: Frases em inglês

“1. Small particles called atoms exist and compose all matter; 2. They are indivisible and indestructible; 3. Atoms of the same chemical element have the same chemical properties and do not transmute or change into different elements.”

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John Dalton

A New System of Chemical Philosophy, Part I http://books.google.com/books?id=Wp7QAAAAMAAJ (1808) as quoted by Richard Reeves, A Force of Nature The Frontier Genius of Ernest Rutherford (2008)

“Chemical analysis and synthesis go no farther than to the separation of particles one from another, and to their reunion. No new creation or destruction of matter is within the reach of chemical agency. We might as well attempt to introduce a new planet into the solar system, or to annihilate one already in existence, as to create or destroy a particle of hydrogen. All the changes we can produce, consist in separating particles that are in a state of cohesion or combination, and joining those that were previously at a distance.”

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John Dalton livro A New System of Chemical Philosophy

Fonte: A New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808), Ch. III. On Chemical Synthesis

“When we attempt to conceive the number of particles in an atmosphere, it is somewhat like attempting to conceive the number of stars in the universe; we are confounded with the thought. But if we limit the subject, by taking a given volume of any gas, we seem persuaded that, let the divisions be ever so minute, the number of particles must be finite; just as in a given space of the universe, the number of stars and planets cannot be infinite.”

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John Dalton livro A New System of Chemical Philosophy

Fonte: A New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808), Ch. III On Chemical Synthesis

“Philosophers are generally persuaded, that the sensations of heat and cold are occasioned by the presence or absence, in degree, of certain principle or quality denominated fire or heat… It is most probable, that all substances whatever contain more or less of this principle. Respecting the nature of the principle, however, there is a diversity of sentiment : some supposing it a substance, others a quality, or property of substance. Boerhaave, followed by most of the moderns, is of the former opinion; Newton, with some others, are of the latter; these conceive heat to consist in an internal vibratory motion of the particles of bodies.”

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John Dalton

Meteorological Observations and Essays: Mit Tabellen, 1834 p. 18

“A pure elastic fluid is one the constituent particles of which are all alike, or in no way distinguishable. Steam, or aqueous vapour, hydrogenous gas, oxygenous gas… and several others are of this kind. …Whatever …may be the shape or figure of the solid atom abstractedly, when surrounded by such an atmosphere it must be globular; but as all the globules in any small given volume are subject to the same pressure, they must be equal in bulk, and will therefore be arranged in horizontal strata, like a pile of shot.”

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John Dalton livro A New System of Chemical Philosophy

Fonte: A New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808), Ch. II. On the Constitution of Bodies, Sect. 1. On the Constitution of Pure Elastic Fluids

“Now it is one great object of this work, to shew the importance and advantage of ascertaining the relative weights of the ultimate particles, both of simple and compound bodies, the number of simple elementary particles which constitute one compound particle, and the number of less compound particles which enter into the formation of one more compound particle.”

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John Dalton livro A New System of Chemical Philosophy

Fonte: A New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808), Ch. III. On Chemical Synthesis

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