Frases de Georg Simmel

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Georg Simmel

Data de nascimento: 1. Março 1858
Data de falecimento: 26. Setembro 1918
Outros nomes: George Simmel, جورج سيمل

Georg Simmel foi um sociólogo alemão. Professor universitário admirado pelos seus alunos, sempre teve dificuldade em encontrar um lugar no seio da rígida academia do seu tempo. Wikipedia

Photo: Unknown author / Public domain

Citações Georg Simmel

„A metrópole é a sede desta cultura, que eliminou todas as características da pessoa“

— Georg Simmel

Le metropoli e la vita dello spirito

„Culto é aquele que sabe onde encontrar aquilo que não sabe.“

— Georg Simmel

„All relationships of people to each other rest, as a matter of course, upon the precondition that they know something about each other. The merchant knows that his correspondent wants to buy at the lowest price and to sell at the highest price. The teacher knows that he may credit to the pupil a certain quality and quantity of information. Within each social stratum the individual knows approximately what measure of culture he has to presuppose in each other individual.“

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— Georg Simmel

Fonte: The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies (1906), p. 441: First lines of the article.

„That man overcomes himself means that he reaches out beyond the bounds that the moment sets for him. There must be something at hand to be overcome, but it is only there in order to be overcome. Thus even as an ethical agent, man is the limited being that has no limit.“

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— Georg Simmel

Fonte: The View of Life (1918), p. 5-6 part of the first essay "Life as Transcendence"
Contexto: Man is something that is to be overcome.
Logically considered, this, too, presents a contradiction: he who overcomes himself is admittedly the victor, but he is also the defeated. The ego succumbs to itself, when it wins; it achieves victory, when it suffers defeat. Yet the contradiction only arises when the two aspects of this unity are hardened into opposed, mutually exclusive conceptions. It is precisely the fully unified process of the moral life which overcomes and surpasses every lower state by achieving a higher one, and again transcends this latter state through one still higher. That man overcomes himself means that he reaches out beyond the bounds that the moment sets for him. There must be something at hand to be overcome, but it is only there in order to be overcome. Thus even as an ethical agent, man is the limited being that has no limit.

„Man is something that is to be overcome“

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— Georg Simmel

„Objectivity may also be defined as freedom: the objective individual is bound by no commitments which could prejudice his perception, understanding, and evaluation of the given.“

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— Georg Simmel, livro The Stranger

Fonte: The Stranger (1908), p. 403

„Man's position in the world is defined by the fact that in every dimension of his being and behavior he finds himself at every moment between two boundaries. This condition appears as the formal structure of our existence, filled always with different contents in life's diverse provinces, activities, and destinies. We feel that the content and value of every hour stands between a higher and a lower; every thought between a wiser and a more foolish; every possession between a more extended and a more limited; every deed between a greater and a lesser measure of meaning, adequacy, and morality.“

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— Georg Simmel

Fonte: The View of Life (1918), p. 1. Opening line of first essay "Life as Transcendence"

„If wandering is the liberation from every given point in space, and thus the conceptional opposite to fixation at such a point, the sociological form of the "stranger" presents the unity, as it were, of these two characteristics.“

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— Georg Simmel, livro The Stranger

Fonte: The Stranger (1908), p. 402; Opening line.

„Objectivity does not simply involve passivity and detachment; it is a particular structure composed of distance and nearness, indifference and involvement.“

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— Georg Simmel, livro The Stranger

Fonte: The Stranger (1908), p. 403

„The individual who is subordinate to an objective law feels himself determined by it, while he, in turn, in no way determines the law, and has no possibility of reacting to it in a manner which could influence it—quite in contrast to even the most miserable slave, who, in some fashion at last, can still in this sense react to his master.“

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— Georg Simmel

“Domination” (1908), in On Individuality and Social Forms (1971), pp. 113-114

„The most profound reason… why the metropolis conduces to the urge for the most individual personal existence… appears to me to be the following: the development of modern culture is characterized by the preponderance of what one may call the "objective spirit" over the "subjective spirit."“

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— Georg Simmel

Fonte: The Metropolis and Modern Life (1903), p. 421 as cited in: Kenneth Allan (2009) Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory: Seeing the Social World. p. 212

„Cities are, first of all, seats of the highest economic division of labor. They produce thereby such extreme phenomena as in Paris the remunerative occupation of the quatorzième. They are persons who identify themselves by signs on their residences and who are ready at the dinner hour in correct attire, so that they can be quickly called upon if a dinner party should consist of thirteen persons. In the measure of its expansion, the city offers more and more the decisive conditions of the division of labor. It offers a circle which through its size can absorb a highly diverse variety of services.“

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— Georg Simmel

Fonte: The Metropolis and Modern Life (1903), p. 420

„In the presence of the total reality upon which our conduct is founded, our knowledge is characterized by peculiar limitations and aberrations. We cannot say in principle that "error is life and knowledge is death," because a being involved in persistent errors would continually act wide of the purpose, and would thus inevitably perish.“

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— Georg Simmel

Fonte: The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies (1906), p. 444

„When one says, for example, that superiority and inferiority is a formation to be found in every human association, though the proposition certainly involves very profound insight into the essence of human nature and human relationship, yet the assertion is so general that it affords little knowledge of particular societary formations. In order to reach such particular knowledge we must study separate types of superiority and inferiority, and we must master the special features of their formation, which in proportion to their definiteness of course lose generality of application.“

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— Georg Simmel

Fonte: Superiority and Subordination as Subject-matter of Sociology (1896), p. 169