Frases de Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels
Data de nascimento: 28. Novembro 1820
Data de falecimento: 5. Agosto 1895
Friedrich Engels foi um teórico revolucionário alemão que junto com Karl Marx fundou o chamado socialismo científico ou marxismo. Ele foi coautor de diversas obras com Marx, sendo que a mais conhecida é o Manifesto Comunista . Também ajudou a publicar, após a morte de Marx, os dois últimos volumes de O Capital, principal obra de seu amigo e colaborador.
Grande companheiro de Karl Marx, escreveu livros de profunda análise social. Entre dezembro de 1847 a janeiro de 1848, junto com Marx, escreve o Manifesto do Partido Comunista, onde faz uma breve apresentação de uma nova concepção de história, afirmando que:
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Citações Friedrich Engels
„Everywhere the proletariat develops in step with the bourgeoisie. In proportion, as the bourgeoisie grows in wealth, the proletariat grows in numbers.“
— Friedrich Engels, livro Principles of Communism
Principles of Communism (1847), Context: Everywhere the proletariat develops in step with the bourgeoisie. In proportion, as the bourgeoisie grows in wealth, the proletariat grows in numbers. For, since the proletarians can be employed only by capital, and since capital extends only through employing labor, it follows that the growth of the proletariat proceeds at precisely the same pace as the growth of capital. Simultaneously, this process draws members of the bourgeoisie and proletarians together into the great cities where industry can be carried on most profitably, and by thus throwing great masses in one spot it gives to the proletarians a consciousness of their own strength. Moreover, the further this process advances, the more new labor-saving machines are invented, the greater is the pressure exercised by big industry on wages, which, as we have seen, sink to their minimum and therewith render the condition of the proletariat increasingly unbearable. The growing dissatisfaction of the proletariat thus joins with its rising power to prepare a proletarian social revolution.
„By bourgeoisie is meant the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labor. By proletariat, the class of modern wage laborers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labor power in order to live.“
— Friedrich Engels, Manifesto Comunista
The Communist Manifesto, footnote (1888 edition)
„Hegel was the first to state correctly the relation between freedom and necessity. To him, freedom is the insight into necessity.“
— Friedrich Engels, livro Anti-Dühring
Anti-Dühring, pt. 1, ch. 11 (1878)
„So long as it is not possible to produce so much that there is enough for all, with more left over for expanding the social capital and extending the forces of production – so long as this is not possible, there must always be a ruling class directing the use of society’s productive forces, and a poor, oppressed class. How these classes are constituted depends on the stage of development.“
— Friedrich Engels, livro Principles of Communism
Principles of Communism (1847)
„The abolition of private property has become not only possible but absolutely necessary. … The outcome can only be the victory of the proletariat.“
— Friedrich Engels, livro Principles of Communism
Principles of Communism (1847)
„By dissolving nationalities, the liberal economic system had done its best to universalise enmity, to transform mankind into a horde of ravenous beasts (for what else are competitors?) who devour one another just because each has identical interests with all the others – after this preparatory[work there remained but one step to take before the goal was reached, the dissolution of the family. To accomplish this, economy’s own beautiful invention, the factory system, came to its aid.“
— Friedrich Engels
Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy (1844), Nachdem die liberale Ökonomie ihr Bestes getan hatte, um durch die Auflösung der Nationalitäten die Feindschaft zu verallgemeinern, die Menschheit in eine Horde reißender Tiere - und was sind Konkurrenten anders?
zu verwandeln, die einander ebendeshalb auffressen, WEIL jeder mit allen andern gleiches Interesse hat, nach dieser Vorarbeit blieb ihr nur noch ein Schritt zum Ziele übrig, die Auflösung der Familie. Um diese durchzusetzen, kam ihr eine eigene schöne Erfindung, das Fabriksystem, zu Hülfe.
„Democratic socialists are either proletarians who are not yet sufficiently clear about the conditions of the liberation of their class, or they are representatives of the petty bourgeoisie, a class which, prior to the achievement of democracy and the socialist measures to which it gives rise, has many interests in common with the proletariat. It follows that, in moments of action, the communists will have to come to an understanding with these democratic socialists, and in general to follow as far as possible a common policy with them – provided that these socialists do not enter into the service of the ruling bourgeoisie and attack the communists. It is clear that this form of co-operation in action does not exclude the discussion of differences.“
— Friedrich Engels
(1847)
