“A metrópole é a sede desta cultura, que eliminou todas as características da pessoa”
Le metropoli e la vita dello spirito
Georg Simmel foi um sociólogo alemão. Professor universitário admirado pelos seus alunos, sempre teve dificuldade em encontrar um lugar no seio da rígida academia do seu tempo. Wikipedia
“A metrópole é a sede desta cultura, que eliminou todas as características da pessoa”
Le metropoli e la vita dello spirito
Fonte: The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies (1906), p. 441: First lines of the article.
Fonte: The View of Life (1918), p. 5-6 part of the first essay "Life as Transcendence"
Contexto: Man is something that is to be overcome.
Logically considered, this, too, presents a contradiction: he who overcomes himself is admittedly the victor, but he is also the defeated. The ego succumbs to itself, when it wins; it achieves victory, when it suffers defeat. Yet the contradiction only arises when the two aspects of this unity are hardened into opposed, mutually exclusive conceptions. It is precisely the fully unified process of the moral life which overcomes and surpasses every lower state by achieving a higher one, and again transcends this latter state through one still higher. That man overcomes himself means that he reaches out beyond the bounds that the moment sets for him. There must be something at hand to be overcome, but it is only there in order to be overcome. Thus even as an ethical agent, man is the limited being that has no limit.
“Man is something that is to be overcome”
Fonte: The View of Life (1918), p. 5-6 part of the first essay "Life as Transcendence"
Contexto: Man is something that is to be overcome.
Logically considered, this, too, presents a contradiction: he who overcomes himself is admittedly the victor, but he is also the defeated. The ego succumbs to itself, when it wins; it achieves victory, when it suffers defeat. Yet the contradiction only arises when the two aspects of this unity are hardened into opposed, mutually exclusive conceptions. It is precisely the fully unified process of the moral life which overcomes and surpasses every lower state by achieving a higher one, and again transcends this latter state through one still higher. That man overcomes himself means that he reaches out beyond the bounds that the moment sets for him. There must be something at hand to be overcome, but it is only there in order to be overcome. Thus even as an ethical agent, man is the limited being that has no limit.
Fonte: The View of Life (1918), p. 1. Opening line of first essay "Life as Transcendence"
“Domination” (1908), in On Individuality and Social Forms (1971), pp. 113-114
Fonte: The Metropolis and Modern Life (1903), p. 421 as cited in: Kenneth Allan (2009) Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory: Seeing the Social World. p. 212
Fonte: The Metropolis and Modern Life (1903), p. 420
Fonte: The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies (1906), p. 444
Fonte: Superiority and Subordination as Subject-matter of Sociology (1896), p. 169
Fonte: The Metropolis and Modern Life (1903), p. 414
The Metropolis and Modern Life (1903)
Fonte: The Metropolis and Modern Life (1903), p. 422
Fonte: The Metropolis and Modern Life (1903), p. 409
"Sociability" (1910) in On Individuality and Social Forms (1971), p. 134
“Domination” (1908), in On Individuality and Social Forms (1971), p. 110
Der Fremde ist uns nah, insofern wir Gleichheiten nationaler oder sozialer, berufsmäßiger oder allgemein menschlicher Art zwischen ihm und uns fühlen; er ist uns fern, insofern diese Gleichheiten über ihn und uns hinausreichen und uns beide nur verbinden, weil sie überhaupt sehr Viele verbinden.
Fonte: The Stranger (1908), p. 405
Fonte: Superiority and Subordination as Subject-matter of Sociology (1896), p. 169
Fonte: The Sociology of Secrecy and of Secret Societies (1906), p. 462
Fonte: Superiority and Subordination as Subject-matter of Sociology (1896), p. 167
Original: (de) Wo die Produkte des spezifisch modernen Lebens nach ihrer Innerlichkeit gefragt werden, sozusagen der Körper der Kultur nach seiner Seele - wie mir dies heut gegenüber unseren Großstädten obliegt - wird die Antwort der Gleichung nachforschen müssen, die solche Gebilde zwischen den individuellen und den überindividuellen Inhalten des Lebens stiften, den Anpassungen der Persönlichkeit, durch die sie sich mit den ihr äußeren Mächten abfindet.
Fonte: The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903), p. 409
Original: (de) Mag das 18.Jahrhundert zur Befreiung von allen historisch erwachsenen Bindungen in Staat und Religion, in Moral und Wirtschaft aufrufen, damit die ursprünglich gute Natur, die in allen Menschen die gleiche ist, sich ungehemmt entwickele; mag das 19.Jahrhundert neben der bloßen Freiheit die arbeitsteilige Besonderheit des Menschen und seiner Leistung fordern, die den Einzelnen unvergleichlich und möglichst unentbehrlich macht, ihn dadurch aber um so enger auf die Ergänzung durch alle anderen anweist; mag Nietzsche in dem rücksichtslosesten Kampf der Einzelnen oder der Sozialismus gerade in dem Niederhalten aller Konkurrenz die Bedingung für die volle Entwicklung der Individuen sehen - in alledem wirkt das gleiche Grundmotiv: der Widerstand des Subjekts, in einem gesellschaftlich-technischen Mechanismus nivelliert und verbraucht zu werden.
Fonte: The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903), p. 409
Original: (de) Die tiefsten Probleme des modernen Lebens quellen aus dem Anspruch des Individuums, die Selbständigkeit und Eigenart seines Daseins gegen die Übermächte der Gesellschaft, des geschichtlich Ererbten, der äußerlichen Kultur und Technik des Lebens zu bewahren - die letzterreichte Umgestaltung des Kampfes mit der Natur, den der primitive Mensch um seine leibliche Existenz zu führen hat.
Fonte: The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903), p. 409
They are persons who identify themselves by signs on their residences and who are ready at the dinner hour in correct attire, so that they can be quickly called upon if a dinner party should consist of thirteen persons. In the measure of its expansion, the city offers more and more the decisive conditions of the division of labor. It offers a circle which through its size can absorb a highly diverse variety of services.
Fonte: The Metropolis and Modern Life (1903), p. 420
“Money expresses all qualitative differences of things in terms of "how much?"”
Money, with all its colorlessness and indifference, becomes the common denominator of all values; irreparably it hollows out the core of things, their individuality, their specific value, and their incomparability. All things float with equal specific gravity in the constantly moving stream of money. All things lie on the same level and differ from one another only in the size of the area which they cover.
The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903)