Frases de John Maynard Smith

John Maynard Smith foi um biólogo britânico.

Foi professor emérito na Universidade de Sussex, especializado em genética e teoria evolucionária. Famoso por utilizar a teoria dos jogos como ferramenta para explicar certos fenômenos evolucionários.

Nascido em Londres, sua família mudou-se para Exmoor em 1928, quando seu pai morreu. Formou-se em engenharia e trabalhou como projetista de aeronaves durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Quando esta terminou, voltou à universidade e formou-se em biologia.

Agraciado em vida, tem o seu nome imortalizado no Prémio John Maynard Smith, da European Society for Evolutionary Biology. Wikipedia

✵ 6. Janeiro 1920 – 19. Abril 2004

John Maynard Smith photo

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John Maynard Smith: 9 citações0 Curtidas

John Maynard Smith: Frases em inglês

“Natural selection is the only workable explanation for the beautiful and compelling illusion of 'design' that pervades every living body and every organ. Knowledge of evolution may not be strictly useful in everyday commerce. You can live some sort of life and die without ever hearing the name of Darwin. But if, before you die, you want to understand why you lived in the first place, Darwinism is the one subject that you must study.”

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John Maynard Smith livro The Theory of Evolution

Fonte: The Theory of Evolution (1958), p. xvi.

“The theory of games was first formalised by Von Neumann & Morgenstern (1953) in reference to human economic behaviour. Since that time, the theory has undergone extensive development… Sensibly enough, a central assumption of classical game theory is that the players will behave rationally, and according to some criterion of self-interest. Such an assumption would clearly be out of place in an evolutionary context. Instead, the criterion of rationality is replaced by that of population dynamics and stability, and the criterion of self-interest by Darwinian fitness.”

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John Maynard Smith livro Evolution and the Theory of Games

Fonte: Evolution and the Theory of Games (1973), p. 1-2.

“It is an occupational risk of biologists to claim, towards the end of their careers, that the problems which they have not solved are insoluble.”

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John Maynard Smith

John Maynard Smith (1988) Games, sex and evolution. p. 249.

“Game theory concepts were first explicitly applied in evolutionary biology by Lewontin (1961). His approach, however, was to picture a species as playing a game against nature, and to seek strategies which minimised the probability of extinction. A similar line has been taken by Slobodkin & Rapoport (1974). In contrast, here we picture members of a population as playing games against each other, and consider the population dynamics and equilibria which can arise.”

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John Maynard Smith livro Evolution and the Theory of Games

Fonte: Evolution and the Theory of Games (1973), p. 2.

“The last decade has seen a steady increase in the application of concepts from the theory of games to the study of evolution. Fields as diverse as sex ratio theory, animal distribution, contest behaviour and reciprocal altruism have contributed to what is now emerging as a universal way of thinking about phenotypic evolution.”

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John Maynard Smith livro Evolution and the Theory of Games

Fonte: Evolution and the Theory of Games (1973), p. vii.

“Paradoxically, it has turned out that game theory is more readily applied to biology than to the field of economic behavior for which it was originally designed”

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John Maynard Smith livro Evolution and the Theory of Games

Fonte: Evolution and the Theory of Games (1973), p. vii.

“Evolutionary game theory is a way of thinking about evolution at the phenotypic level when the fitnesses of particular phenotypes depend on their frequencies in the population.”

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John Maynard Smith livro Evolution and the Theory of Games

Fonte: Evolution and the Theory of Games (1973), p. 1.

“It is in the nature of science that once a position becomes orthodox it should be suggested to criticism…. It does not follow that, because a position is orthodox, it is wrong.”

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John Maynard Smith

(1976) Group Selection. Quarterly Review of Biology 51, 277-283.

“Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is the only workable explanation that has ever been proposed for the remarkable fact of our own existence, indeed the existence of all life wherever it may turn up in the universe.”

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John Maynard Smith livro The Theory of Evolution

Fonte: The Theory of Evolution (1958), p. xv.