Frases de Boris Yeltsin

Este é um nome russo, o nome de família é «Ельцин» e o patronímico «Николаевич» .Boris Nicoláievitch Iéltsin, em russo: ? Бори́с Никола́евич Е́льцин foi o primeiro presidente da Rússia após o colapso econômico da União Soviética. Iéltsin foi também o primeiro líder de uma Rússia independente desde o czar Nicolau II. Seus anos como senador e líder da oposição no Soviete Supremo são lembrados com glória, mas seu governo, lembrado com frustração por conta das grandes expectativas, ficou marcado na história por reformas políticas e econômicas fracassadas e pelo caos social.

Iéltsin foi responsável pela transformação da economia socialista da Rússia em uma economia de mercado, implementando a chamada "terapia de choque", com programas de privatizações e liberalização econômica. Graças aos meios como foi conduzido este processo, uma grande parcela da riqueza nacional caiu nas mãos de um restrito grupo de milionários, que ficariam conhecidos como "oligarcas russos". A era Iéltsin foi marcada pela corrupção excessiva e generalizada, inflação, colapso econômico e enormes problemas políticos e sociais que afetaram a Rússia e também as demais repúblicas da União Soviética. Alexander Rutskoi, opositor de Iéltsin, denunciou as reformas do adversário, considerando-as um "genocídio econômico".Iéltsin é lembrado, principalmente, pelas suas várias reformas políticas, sociais e econômicas da Rússia, as diversas situações constrangedoras decorrentes de seu alcoolismo e o seu papel como líder da oposição, tendo sido ele um dos mais notáveis políticos favoráveis à independência da Rússia, uma república então controlada pela União Soviética.

Um dos eventos mais memoráveis de seu governo foi a Crise Constitucional de 1993. O Legislativo russo era contrário às reformas neoliberais impostas por Iéltsin, tornando-se um empecilho para o presidente. Em 21 de setembro, Iéltsin dissolve o parlamento, que se rebela, e anuncia o impeachment de Iéltsin, proclamando Alexander Rutskoi, chefe do parlamento, como novo presidente. O parlamento ganha apoio do povo, que passa a protestar contra o governo de Iéltsin. No mês seguinte, a situação se intensifica, e Iéltsin ordena a invasão da Câmara Branca, sede do Soviete Supremo, terminando com a explosão do edifício, resultando na morte de 187 pessoas e prisão dos líderes da oposição. Iéltsin então baniria temporariamente a oposição russa e anularia a Constituição soviética de 1978, estabelecendo uma nova Constituição, possibilitando a continuação de suas reformas econômicas. Segundo a antiga Constituição, anulada por Iéltsin:



Artigo 121-6. Os poderes do Presidente da República Socialista Federativa Soviética da Rússia não podem ser usados para alterar organizações nacionais e estatais da República Socialista Federativa Soviética da Rússia, dissolver ou interferir no funcionamento de qualquer órgão eleito do poder estatal. Neste caso, seus poderes cessam imediatamente.

A anulação do artigo acima alteraria profundamente o ambiente político russo, que sairia de um sistema parlamentarista de poderes balanceados para entrar, radicalmente, em um regime semipresidencialista sob forte influência do poder Executivo.

Boris Iéltsin era casado com Naina Iéltsina, com quem teve duas filhas, Elena e Tatiana, nascidas em 1957 e 1958, respectivamente. O corpo de Iéltsin repousa no famoso cemitério de Novodevitchi, diferentemente dos demais líderes russos, sepultados na muralha do Kremlin. Wikipedia  

✵ 1. Fevereiro 1931 – 23. Abril 2007   •   Outros nomes Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin
Boris Yeltsin photo
Boris Yeltsin: 34   citações 2   Curtidas

Boris Yeltsin Frases famosas

“Não vamos falar sobre comunismo. O comunismo foi só uma ideia, uma utopia.”

Durante sua visita aos Estados Unidos

Boris Yeltsin: Frases em inglês

“Russia must enter the new millennium with new politicians, with new faces, with new, smart, strong, energetic people.
And we who have been in power for many years already, we must go.”

Variant translation: Russian must enter the new millennium with new politicians, new faces, new intelligent and energetic people...
As quoted in The 100 Greatest Heroes (2003) p. 60 by Harry Paul Jeffers
1990s, Farewell speech (1999)
Contexto: Today I am turning to you for the last time with New Year's greetings. But that's not all. Today I am turning to you for the last time as president of Russia.
I have made a decision.
I thought long and hard over it. Today, on the last day of the departing century, I am resigning.
I have heard many times that "Yeltsin will hang onto power by any means, he won't give it to anyone." That's a lie.
But that's not the point. I have always said that I would not depart one bit from the constitution. That Duma elections should take place in the constitutionally established terms. That was done. And I also wanted presidential elections to take place on time — in June 2000. This was very important for Russia. We are creating a very important precedent of a civilized, voluntary transfer of power, power from one president of Russia to another, newly elected one.
And still, I made a different decision. I am leaving. I am leaving earlier than the set term.
I have understood that it was necessary for me to do this. Russia must enter the new millennium with new politicians, with new faces, with new, smart, strong, energetic people.
And we who have been in power for many years already, we must go.
Seeing with what hope and faith people voted in the Duma elections for a new generation of politicians, I understood that I have completed the main thing of my life. Already, Russia will never return to the past. Now, Russia will always move only forward.

“It looks as if some people either have a short memory and are forgetting about that time and the events that occurred then”

Interview on Zerkalo http://web.archive.org/web/20021117080050/http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/6011-5.cfm (RTR) (29 December 2001)
2000s
Contexto: It looks as if some people either have a short memory and are forgetting about that time and the events that occurred then … Let us recall the putsch of August 19, 1991. It was after the putsch that the republics began, one after another, to declare their independence.
Russia also declared its independence. This was approved by the Supreme Soviet, and you know and remember that there was the Declaration on the Independence of Russia. So, the entire course of history was leading to a point when the regime, the political regime in the country had to be changed. It demonstrated that the Union was not as strong as this was loudly preached by mass media and the propaganda in general. The republics wished to become independent. This must only be welcomed... We have good peaceful relations and there were no military clashes. None of these countries had revolutions with bloody casualties and there was no civil war in any of the republics... Russia had to change and it did change.

“Liberty sets the mind free, fosters independence and unorthodox thinking and ideas. But it does not offer instant prosperity or happiness and wealth to everyone.”

As quoted in Russia and the Independent States (1993) by Daniel C. Diller, p. 446
1990s
Contexto: Liberty sets the mind free, fosters independence and unorthodox thinking and ideas. But it does not offer instant prosperity or happiness and wealth to everyone. This is something that politicians in particular must keep in mind.

“Today I am turning to you for the last time with New Year's greetings. But that's not all. Today I am turning to you for the last time as president of Russia.”

Variant translation: Russian must enter the new millennium with new politicians, new faces, new intelligent and energetic people...
As quoted in The 100 Greatest Heroes (2003) p. 60 by Harry Paul Jeffers
1990s, Farewell speech (1999)
Contexto: Today I am turning to you for the last time with New Year's greetings. But that's not all. Today I am turning to you for the last time as president of Russia.
I have made a decision.
I thought long and hard over it. Today, on the last day of the departing century, I am resigning.
I have heard many times that "Yeltsin will hang onto power by any means, he won't give it to anyone." That's a lie.
But that's not the point. I have always said that I would not depart one bit from the constitution. That Duma elections should take place in the constitutionally established terms. That was done. And I also wanted presidential elections to take place on time — in June 2000. This was very important for Russia. We are creating a very important precedent of a civilized, voluntary transfer of power, power from one president of Russia to another, newly elected one.
And still, I made a different decision. I am leaving. I am leaving earlier than the set term.
I have understood that it was necessary for me to do this. Russia must enter the new millennium with new politicians, with new faces, with new, smart, strong, energetic people.
And we who have been in power for many years already, we must go.
Seeing with what hope and faith people voted in the Duma elections for a new generation of politicians, I understood that I have completed the main thing of my life. Already, Russia will never return to the past. Now, Russia will always move only forward.

“Let's not talk about Communism. Communism was just an idea, just pie in the sky.”

Comment during a visit to the United States, as quoted in The Independent [London] (12 September 1989)
1980s

“A man must live like a great brilliant flame and burn as brightly as he can. In the end he burns out. But this is far better than a mean little flame.”

Statement to a TImes reporter in 1990, as quoted in "The wit and wisdom of Boris" in Guardian Unlimited (23 April 2007)
1990s

“Today, on this day that is so extraordinarily important for me, I want to say just a few more personal words than usual.
I want to ask for your forgiveness.
For the fact that many of the dreams we shared did not come true. And for the fact that what seemed simple to us turned out to be tormentingly difficult.”

1990s, Farewell speech (1999)
Contexto: Today, on this day that is so extraordinarily important for me, I want to say just a few more personal words than usual.
I want to ask for your forgiveness.
For the fact that many of the dreams we shared did not come true. And for the fact that what seemed simple to us turned out to be tormentingly difficult. I ask forgiveness for not justifying some hopes of those people who believed that at one stroke, in one spurt, we could leap from the gray, stagnant, totalitarian past into the light, rich, civilized future. I myself believed in this, that we could overcome everything in one spurt.
I turned out to be too naive in something. In some places, problems seemed to be too complicated. We forced our way forward through mistakes, through failures. Many people in this hard time experienced shock.

“None of these countries had revolutions with bloody casualties and there was no civil war in any of the republics… Russia had to change and it did change.”

Interview on Zerkalo http://web.archive.org/web/20021117080050/http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/6011-5.cfm (RTR) (29 December 2001)
2000s
Contexto: It looks as if some people either have a short memory and are forgetting about that time and the events that occurred then … Let us recall the putsch of August 19, 1991. It was after the putsch that the republics began, one after another, to declare their independence.
Russia also declared its independence. This was approved by the Supreme Soviet, and you know and remember that there was the Declaration on the Independence of Russia. So, the entire course of history was leading to a point when the regime, the political regime in the country had to be changed. It demonstrated that the Union was not as strong as this was loudly preached by mass media and the propaganda in general. The republics wished to become independent. This must only be welcomed... We have good peaceful relations and there were no military clashes. None of these countries had revolutions with bloody casualties and there was no civil war in any of the republics... Russia had to change and it did change.

“I am convinced that the moment is coming when, with its message of eternal, universal values, it will come to the aid of our society.”

On the renewal of the Christian church in Russia, p. 251
1990s, Against the Grain (1990)
Contexto: I am convinced that the moment is coming when, with its message of eternal, universal values, it will come to the aid of our society. For in these words: "Thou shalt not kill; Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself," lie those very moral principles that will enable us to survive even the most critical situations.

“I am leaving. I did all I could”

1990s, Farewell speech (1999)
Contexto: Today it's important for me to tell you. The pain of each of you has called forth pain in me, in my heart. Sleepless nights, tormenting worries — about what needed to be done, so that people could live more easily and better. I did not have any more important task.
I am leaving. I did all I could — not according to my health, but on the basis of all the problems. A new generation is relieving me, a generation of those who can do more and better.
In accordance with the constitution, as I resign, I have signed a decree placing the duties of the president of Russia on the head of government, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. For three months, again in accordance with the constitution, he will be the head of state. And in three months, presidential elections will take place.

“One could see that what you are writing was that today's meeting with President Bill Clinton was going to be a disaster. Now, for the first time, I can tell you that you are a disaster.”

Speaking to the press following a "postively productive" meeting http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=50688 with Bill Clinton (24 October 1995)
Alternative translation: those anticipating a failure of the meeting "have failed" ("вы провалились").
1990s

“You can build a throne with bayonets, but it's difficult to sit on it.”

Televised speech (4 October 1993), as quoted in A Democracy of Despots (1995) by Donald Murray. p. 8
Variant translations: You can make a throne of bayonets, but you can't sit on it for long.
You can build a throne with bayonets, but you can't sit on it for long.
1990s

“I cannot shift the blame for Chechnya, for the sorrow of numerous mothers and fathers. I made the decision, therefore I am responsible.”

Interview on Russian television (2000), as quoted in the BBC Obituary (23 April 2007) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6584481.stm
2000s

“We don't appreciate what we have until it's gone. Freedom is like that. It's like air. When you have it, you don't notice it.”

As quoted in The 100 Greatest Heroes (2003) p. 60 by Harry Paul Jeffers
2000s

“Today is the last day of an era past.”

Speech at a Berlin ceremony to end the Russian military presence in Germany (1 September 1994)
1990s

“A sense of proportion and humanitarian action are not issues for terrorists. Their aim is that of killing and destroying.”

Speech at a summit of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe in Istanbul, Turkey, as quoted in BBC World Service (19 November 1999)
1990s

“Storm clouds of terror and dictatorship are gathering over the whole country… They must not be allowed to bring eternal night.”

Appeal to citizens of Russia to oppose the 1991 coup attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev. (19 August 1991)
1990s

“Your commanders have ordered you to storm the White House and to arrest me. But I as the elected President of Russia give you the order to turn your tanks and not to fight against your own people.”

Appeal to the military to not participate in the coup attempt, while standing on a tank during troop movements against the Russian White House. (19 August 1991)
1990s

“I told NATO, the Americans, the Germans, don't push us towards military action. Otherwise there will be a European war for sure and possibly world war.”

Speaking on television about the NATO intervention in Kosovo https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/apr/09/balkans12, as quoted by The Guardian (April 1999)
1990s

“History demonstrates that it is a dangerous delusion to suppose that the destinies of continents and of the world community in general can somehow be managed from one single capital.”

Address https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1994-12-06-9412050445-story.html to the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in Budapest opposing the expansion of NATO (6 December 1994)
1990s

“Despite all the difficulties and severe trials being experienced by the people, the democratic process in the country is acquiring an increasingly broad sweep and an irreversible character. The peoples of Russia are becoming masters of their destiny.”

Appeal to citizens of Russia http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/the-august-coup/the-august-coup-texts/eltsins-defiance/ to oppose the 1991 coup attempt against Mikhail Gorbachev. (19 August 1991)
1990s

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