Frases de Peter L. Berger

0 0

Peter L. Berger

Data de nascimento: 17. Março 1929
Outros nomes:पीटर बर्गर,Питер Л. Бергер,Πίτερ Μπέργκερ,بيتر بيرغر,پیتر برقر

Peter Ludwig Berger foi um sociólogo e teólogo luterano austro-americano, conhecido por sua obra "A Construção Social da Realidade" publicada em co-autoria com Thomas Luckmann.

Autores parecidos

Anthony Giddens4

Karl Mannheim1

Dietrich Bonhoeffer11

Baltasar Gracián132

Ludwig von Mises34

Layne Staley19

Thomas Wolfe1

Pitirim Sorokin3

Henri Lefebvre3

Herbert Spencer16

Citações Peter L. Berger

„A social world [is] a comprehensive and given reality confronting the individual in a manner analogous to the reality of the natural world... In early phases of socialization the child is quite incapable of distinguishing between the objectivity of natural phenomena and the objectivity of the social formations… The objective reality of institutions is not diminished if the individual does not understand their purpose or their mode of operation... He must ‘go out’ and learn about them, just as he must learn about nature.“

— Peter L. Berger
p. 59-61

„On this level of legitimation, the reflective integration of discrete institutional processes reaches its ultimate fulfilment. A whole world is created. All the lesser legitimating theories are viewed as special perspectives on phenomena that are aspects of this world. Institutional roles become modes of participation in a universe that transcends and includes the institutional order. In our previous example, the 'science of cousinhood' is only a part of a much wider body of theory, which, almost certainly, will contain a general theory of the cosmos and a general theory of man.“

— Peter L. Berger
(1991, 114)

„Without proposing an evolutionary scheme for such types, it is safe to say that mythology represents the most archaic form of universe-maintenance, as indeed it represents the most archaic form of legitimation generally.“

— Peter L. Berger
(1991; 127-8)

„Modern science is an extreme step in this development, and in the secularization and sophistication of universe-maintenance.“

— Peter L. Berger
(1999: 130)

„The most important gain is that each [member of society] will be able to predict the other’s actions. Concomitantly, the interaction of both becomes predictable… Many actions are possible on a low level of attention. Each action of one is no longer a source of astonishment and potential danger to the other.“

— Peter L. Berger
p. 57

„I shall admit frankly that, among the academic diversions available today, I consider sociology as a sort of 'royal game'.“

— Peter L. Berger
Preface

„Specific procedures of universe-maintenance become necessary when the symbolic universe has become a problem. As long as this is not the case, the symbolic universe is self-maintaining, that is, self-legitimating by the sheer facticity of its objective existence in the society in question.“

— Peter L. Berger
(1991; 123)

„The game of sociology goes on in a spacious playground.“

— Peter L. Berger
p. 29

„The second level of legitimation contains theoretical propositions in a rudimentary form. Here may be found various explanatory schemes relating sets of objective meanings. These schemes are highly pragmatic, directly related to concrete actions. Proverbs, moral maxims and wise sayings are common on this level. Here, too, belong legends and folk tales, frequently transmitted in poetic forms.“

— Peter L. Berger
(1991; 112)

„Society determines how long and in what manner the individual organism shall live. This determination may be institutionally programmed in the operation of social controls, as in the institution of law. Society can maim and kill. Indeed, it is in its power over life and death that it manifests its ultimate control over the individual.“

— Peter L. Berger
(1991; p. 202)

„The encounter with bureaucracy takes place in a mode of explicit abstraction. … This fact gives rise to a contradiction. The individual expects to be treated “justly.” As we have seen, there is considerable moral investment in this expectation. The expected “just” treatment, however, is possible only if the bureaucracy operates abstractly, and that means it will treat the individual “as a number.” Thus the very “justice” of this treatment entails a depersonalization of each individual case. At least potentially, this constitutes a threat to the individual’s self-esteem and, in the extreme case, to his subjective identity. The degree to which this threat is actually felt will depend on extrinsic factors, such as the influence of culture critics who decry the “alienating” effects of bureaucratic organization. One may safely generalize here that the threat will be felt in direct proportion to the development of individualistic and personalistic values in the consciousness of the individual. Where such values are highly developed, it is likely that the intrinsic abstraction of bureaucracy will be felt as an acute irritation at best or an intolerable oppression at worst. In such cases the “duties” of the bureaucrat collide directly with the “rights” of the client—not, of course, those “rights” that are bureaucratically defined and find their correlates in the “duties” of the bureaucrat, but rather those “rights” that derive from extrabureaucratic values of personal autonomy, dignity and worth. The individual whose allegiance is given to such values is almost certainly going to resent being treated “as a number.”“

— Peter L. Berger
pp. 55-56

„At least within our own consciousness, the past is malleable and flexible, constantly changing as our recollection reinterprets and re-explains what has happened.“

— Peter L. Berger
p. 57 ; Cited in: Robert Benjamin Smith, (1982), Qualitative methods. p. 64

„Legitimation as a process is best described as a 'second-order' objectivation of meaning. Legitimation produces new meanings that serve to integrate the meanings already attached to disparate institutional processes. The function of legitimation is to make objectively available and subjectively plausible the 'first-order' objectivations that have been institutionalized.“

— Peter L. Berger
p. 92 (1991; 110)

„The social stock of knowledge differentiates reality by degrees of familiarity... my knowledge of my own occupation and its world is very rich and specific, while I have only very sketchy knowledge of the occupational worlds of others.“

— Peter L. Berger
p. 43

„The symbolic universe also orders history. It locates all collective events in a cohesive unity that includes past, present and future. With regard to the past, it establishes a 'memory' that is shared by all the individuals socialized within the collectivity. With regard to the future, it establishes a common frame of reference for the projection of individual actions.“

— Peter L. Berger
p. 104 (1991, 120)

„One may view the individual’s everyday life in terms of the working away of a conversational apparatus that ongoingly maintains, modifies and reconstructs his subjective reality… [for example] ‘Well, it’s time for me to get to the station,’ and ‘Fine, darling, have a good day at the office’ implies an entire world within which these apparently simple propositions make sense… the exchange confirms the subjective reality of this world… the great part, if not all, of everyday conversation maintains subjective reality… imagine the effect…of an exchange like this: ‘Well, it’s time for me to get to the station,’ ‘Fine, darling, don’t forget to take along your gun.“

— Peter L. Berger
p. 147-163

Aniversários de hoje

André Breton9

1896 - 1966

Nicolau Copérnico2

1473 - 1543

Umberto Eco67

1932 - 2016

Deng Xiaoping2

1904 - 1997

Outros 61 aniversários hoje