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Frases de George Berkeley

George Berkeley foi um filósofo idealista irlandês.

Estudou no Trinity College de Dublin, onde se tornou fellow em 1707. Lecionou hebraico, grego e teologia. Por esta época, dedicou-se ao estudo sistemático da filosofia .

Dois anos mais tarde, publicou seu primeiro livro importante: Ensaio para uma nova teoria da visão. Em 1710, apresentou seu princípio de que ser é ser percebido na primeira parte da obra Tratado sobre os princípios do conhecimento humano. Em 1712 publicou Três diálogos entre Hilas e Filonous a fim de melhor explicar as concepções propostas na obra anterior.

Ao mesmo tempo, Berkeley era ministro da Igreja Anglicana e, em Londres, escreveu uma série de artigos no jornal The Guardian contra os livre-pensadores. Em 1713 abandona essa atividade e torna-se preceptor de jovens ingleses que desejavam conhecer a Itália. Viajou para lá, onde permaneceu até 1721. Nesse período, perdeu o manuscrito da segunda parte dos Princípios, que jamais voltaria a escrever. Após este período, ele encontrou diversos outros filósofos dos quais ele viria à criticar algumas posições mais tarde, como Ian Neheelson.

Em seguida, atirou-se à polêmica religiosa, atribuindo todos os males de seu país à incredulidade. Pensando em remediá-los, tornou-se missionário e foi para as Bermudas, onde ficou três anos. Nessa viagem pelo novo mundo, escreveu o Alciphron em 1732.

De volta a Londres, escreveu O analista entre 1732 e 1734. Nesta obra, criticava o cálculo diferencial e integral de Newton. Também escreveu Uma defesa do livre pensamento em matemática. Ainda em 1734, é nomeado bispo de Cloyne, na Irlanda. Durante a fome e a epidemia de peste, que ocorreram entre 1737 e 1741, Berkeley devotou-se aos doentes, tentando curá-los com água de alcatrão. Sobre o tema, escreveu uma obra chamada Siris, em 1744. Também por esta época escreveu O questionador, onde reflete sobre questões econômicas e sociais.

Em 1752, já velho e doente, Berkeley renunciou ao episcopado e se retirou para Oxford, onde veio a morrer.

✵ 12. Março 1685 – 14. Janeiro 1753
George Berkeley photo
George Berkeley: 19   citações 1   Curtida

George Berkeley frases e citações

“Toda a ordem dos céus e todas as coisas que preenchem a terra - em suma, todos aqueles corpos que compõem a enorme estrutura do mundo - não possuem nenhuma subsistência sem uma mente.”

George Berkeley
De mundo

George Berkeley: Frases em inglês

“Few men think; yet all have opinions.”

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George Berkeley livro Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

Philonous to Hylas. The Second Dialogue. This appears in a passage first added in the third edition, (1734)
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713)

“In the pursuit of truth we must beware of being misled by terms which we do not rightly understand. That is the chief point. Almost all philosophers utter the caution; few observe it.”

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George Berkeley livro De Motu

Paragraph 1.
De Motu (1721)

“Abstract terms (however useful they may be in argument) should be discarded in meditation, and the mind should be fixed on the particular and the concrete, that is, on the things themselves.”

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George Berkeley livro De Motu

Paragraph 4.
De Motu (1721)

“… we ought to.”

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George Berkeley

“[Tar water] is of a nature so mild and benign and proportioned to the human constitution, as to warm without heating, to cheer but not inebriate.”

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George Berkeley livro Siris

Paragraph 217. Compare: "Cups / That cheer but not inebriate", William Cowper, The Task, book iv, reported in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919).
Siris (1744)

“I entirely agree with you, as to the ill tendency of the affected doubts of some philosophers, and fantastical conceit of others. I am even so far gone of late in this way of think, that I have quitted several of the sublime notions I had got in their schools for vulgar opinions. And I give it you on my word, since this revolt from metaphysical notions to the plain dictates of nature and common sense, I find my understanding strangely enlightened, so that I can now easily comprehend a great many thing which before were all mystery and riddle.”

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George Berkeley livro Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

Said by Philonous (Berkeley) to Hylas in the opening of dialog 1 with reference to the recent surge philosophic endeavors (Locke, Newton, et al) that seemed to lead to skepticism about the existence of the world
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713)

“Doth the reality of sensible things consist in being perceived? or, is it something distinct from their being perceived, and that bears no relation to the mind?”

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George Berkeley livro Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

Philonous to Hylas.
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713)

“That there is no such thing as what philosophers call material substance, I am seriously persuaded: but if I were made to see any thing absurd or skeptical in this, I should then have the same reason to renounce this, that I imagine I have now to reject the contrary opinion.”

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George Berkeley livro Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

Philonous to Hylas.
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713)

“For no one's authority ought to rank so high as to set a value on his words and terms even though nothing clear and determinate lies behind them.”

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George Berkeley livro De Motu

Paragraph 1.
De Motu (1721)

“Our youth we can have but to-day,
We may always find time to grow old.”

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George Berkeley

Can Love be controlled by Advice?, reported in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919).

“Solicitation and effort or conation belong properly to animate beings alone. When they are attributed to other things, they must be taken in a metaphorical sense; but a philosopher should abstain from metaphor.”

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George Berkeley livro De Motu

Paragraph 3.
De Motu (1721)

“Since therefore, as well those degrees of heat that are not painful, as those that are, can exist in a thinking substance; may we not conclude that external bodies are absolutely incapable of any degree of heat whatsoever?”

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George Berkeley livro Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

Philonous to Hylas. Hylas replies with, "So it seems".
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713)

“Seeing therefore they are both [heat and pain] immediately perceived at the same time, and the fire affects you only with one simple, or uncompounded idea, it follows that this same simple idea is both the intense heat immediately perceived, and the pain; and consequently, that the intense heat immediately perceived, is nothing distinct from a particular sort of pain.”

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George Berkeley livro Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

Philonous to Hylas.
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713)

“That we have first rais'd a Dust, and then complain, we cannot see.”

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George Berkeley livro A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge

A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710)

“Westward the course of empire takes its way;
The four first acts already past,
A fifth shall close the drama with the day:
Time's noblest offspring is the last.”

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George Berkeley

On the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America (written in 1726), reported in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919). Compare: "Westward the star of empire takes its way", Epigraph to Bancroft's History of the United States; "What worlds in the yet unformed Occident / May come refin'd with th' accents that are ours?", Samuel Daniel, Musophilus (1599), Stanza 163.
According to W. Cleon Skousen, the first four empires are the Neo-Babylonian Empire, the Persian Empire, the Macedonian Empire, and the (Western, Eastern, and Holy) Roman Empire (Gospel Diamond Dust, Volume Two, Verity Publishing, 1998).

“We indeed, who are beings of finite powers, are forced to make use of instruments. And the use of an instrument sheweth the agent to be limited by rules of another’s prescription, and that he cannot obtain his end but in such a way, and by such conditions. Whence it seems a clear consequence, that the supreme unlimited agent useth no tool or instrument at all. The will of an Omnipotent Spirit is no sooner exerted than executed, without the application of means; which, if they are employed by inferior agents, it is not upon account of any real efficacy that is in them, or necessary aptitude to produce any effect, but merely in compliance with the laws of nature, or those conditions prescribed to them by the First Cause, who is Himself above all limitation or prescription whatsoever.”

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George Berkeley livro Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

Philonous to Hylas. The Second Dialogue.
Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713)

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