Frases de São João Crisóstomo

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São João Crisóstomo

Data de nascimento: 349
Data de falecimento: 15. Setembro 407
Outros nomes:Ióannés Chrýsostomos,Johannes Chrysostomus

João Crisóstomo foi um arcebispo de Constantinopla e um dos mais importantes patronos do cristianismo primitivo. Ele é conhecido por suas poderosas homilias e por sua habilidade oratória, por sua denúncia dos abusos cometidos por líderes políticos e eclesiásticos de sua época, por sua "Divina Liturgia" e por suas práticas ascetas. O epíteto Χρυσόστομος significa "da boca de ouro" em língua grega e lhe foi dado por conta de sua lendária eloquência. O título apareceu pela primeira vez na "Constituição" do papa Vigílio em 553 e ele é considerado o maior pregador cristão da história.

As igrejas ortodoxas e católicas orientais veneram-no como santo e como um dos Três Grandes Hierarcas, juntamente com Basílio, o Grande e Gregório Nazianzeno. A Igreja Católica também o proclamou Doutor da Igreja. As igrejas de tradição ocidental, incluindo a católica, algumas províncias da Comunhão Anglicana e partes da Igreja Luterana comemoram sua festa em 13 de setembro. As restantes igrejas luteranas e províncias anglicanas o fazem na data tradicional no oriente ortodoxo, 27 de janeiro. A Igreja Ortodoxa Copta de Alexandria também reconhece Crisóstomo como santo.

Entre suas homilias, oito dirigidas aos cristãos judaizantes ainda geram controvérsia por causa do impacto que provocaram no desenvolvimento do antissemitismo cristão.

Citações São João Crisóstomo

„O Apóstolo diz, "Sendo de forma (condição) divina.“

— São João Crisóstomo
Fil 2, 6) Se diz "de forma (condição)" como podeis sugerir, vós, ó arianos, que Ele era uma energia? Mas não diz-nos a seguir que "esvaziou-se a si mesmo, tomando a forma de servo, fazendo-se semelhante aos homens." (Fil 2, 7) "A forma de servo" é, porventura, a energia de um servo ou a natureza de um servo? É evidente que é a natureza de um servo. Assim, a "forma de Deus" indica que era de igual natureza do que Deus, que era Deus e não uma energia.

De homens

„Ninguém pode nos fazer infelizes, apenas nós mesmos.“

— São João Crisóstomo

„I do not think there are many among Bishops that will be saved, but many more that perish“

— John Chrysostom
Context: I do not think there are many among Bishops that will be saved, but many more that perish: and the reason is, that it is an affair that requires a great mind. St. John Chrysostom, Homily III on Acts 1:12

„For Christians above all men are forbidden to correct the stumblings of sinners by force... it is necessary to make a man better not by force but by persuasion. We neither have authority granted us by law to restrain sinners, nor, if it were, should we know how to use it, since God gives the crown to those who are kept from evil, not by force, but by choice.“

— John Chrysostom
[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf109/Page_41.html On the Priesthood], Book II

„Just as maniacs, who never enjoy tranquility, so also he who is resentful and retains an enemy will never have the enjoyment of any peace; incessantly raging and daily increasing the tempest of his thoughts calling to mind his words and acts, and detesting the very name of him who has aggrieved him. Do you but mention his enemy, he becomes furious at once, and sustains much inward anguish; and should he chance to get only a bare sight of him, he fears and trembles, as if encountering the worst evils, Indeed, if he perceives any of his relations, if but his garment, or his dwelling, or street, he is tormented by the sight of them. For as in the case of those who are beloved, their faces, their garments, their sandals, their houses, or streets, excite us, the instant we behold them; so also should we observe a servant, or friend, or house, or street, or any thing else belonging to those We hate and hold our enemies, we are stung by all these things; and the strokes we endure from the sight of each one of them are frequent and continual. What is the need then of sustaining such a siege, such torment and such punishment? For if hell did not threaten the resentful, yet for the very torment resulting from the thing itself we ought to forgive the offences of those who have aggrieved us. But when deathless punishments remain behind, what can be more senseless than the man, who both here and there brings punishment upon himself, while he thinks to be revenged upon his enemy!“

— John Chrysostom
[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf109/Page_474.html Homilies on the Statues], Homily XX

„We are commanded to have only one enemy, the devil. With him never be reconciled! But with a brother, never be at enmity in thy heart.“

— John Chrysostom
[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf109/Page_476.html Homilies on the Statues], Homily XX

„Beloved, we need much care, much watchfulness, to be able to look into the depth of the Divine Scriptures. For it is not possible to discover their meaning in a careless way, or while we are asleep, but there needs close search, and there needs earnest prayer, that we may be enabled to see some little way into the secrets of the divine oracles.“

— John Chrysostom
[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf114.iv.xxiii.html Homilies on the Gospel of Saint John], Homily XXI

„Let all partake of the feast of faith. Let all receive the riches of goodness. Let no one lament their poverty, for the universal kingdom has been revealed. Let no one mourn their transgressions, for pardon has dawned from the grave. Let no one fear death, for the Saviour's death has set us free.“

— John Chrysostom
Paschal Homily

„[T]he Jewish people were driven by their drunkenness and plumpness to the ultimate evil; they kicked about, they failed to accept the yoke of Christ, nor did they pull the plow of his teaching. Another prophet hinted at this when he said: "Israel is as obstinate as a stubborn heifer." … Although such beasts are unfit for work, they are fit for killing. And this is what happened to the Jews: while they were making themselves unfit for work, they grew fit for slaughter. This is why Christ said: "But as for these my enemies, who did not want me to be king over them, bring them here and slay them." (Luke 19:27)“

— John Chrysostom
[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/chrysostom-jews6.html Eight Homilies Against the Jews], Homily 1

„A servant, indeed, one will be able perhaps to bind down by fear; nay, not even for him, for he will soon leave you. But the partner of one's life, the mother of one's children, the foundation of one's every joy, one ought never to chain down by fear and threats, but with love and good temper. For what sort of union is that, where the wife trembles at her husband? And what sort of pleasure will the husband have if he dwells with his wife as with a slave? Yea, even though you suffer everything on her account, do not scold her; for neither did Christ do this to the Church.“

— John Chrysostom
[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf113/Page_144.html Homilies on Ephesians], Homily XX

„Christ is risen, and you are overthrown! Christ is risen, and the demons are fallen! Christ is risen, and the angels rejoice! Christ is risen, and life reigns! Christ is risen, and not one dead remains in a tomb! For Christ, being raised from the dead, has become the first-fruits of them that have slept.“

— John Chrysostom
Paschal Homily

„Nothing is more miserable than those people who never failed to attack their own salvation. When there was need to observe the Law, they trampled it under foot. … On this account Stephen said: "You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart, you always resist the Holy Spirit", not only by transgressing the Law but also by wishing to observe it at the wrong time.“

— John Chrysostom
Saint John Chrysostom (349–ca. 407), [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/chrysostom-jews6.html Eight Homilies Against the Jews], Homily 1

„Do you wish to honor the Body of the Savior? Do not despise it when it is naked. Do not honor it in church with silk vestments while outside it is naked and numb with cold. He who said, “This is my body,” and made it so by his word, is the same that said, “You saw me hungry and you gave me no food. As you did it not to the least of these, you did it not to me.” Honor him then by sharing your property with the poor. For what God needs is not golden chalices but golden souls.“

— John Chrysostom
[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf110/Page_303.html Homilies on the Gospel of Saint Matthew], Homily L

„For what advantage is it, that the world enjoys profound peace, if thou art at war with thyself? This then is the peace we should keep. If we have it, nothing from without will be able to harm us. And to this end the public peace contributes no little: whence it is said, ‘That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life.’ But if any one is disturbed when there is quiet, he is a miserable creature. Seest thou that He speaks of this peace which I call the third (inner, ed.) kind? Therefore when he has said, ‘that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life,’ he does not stop there, but adds ‘in all godliness and honesty.’ But we cannot live in godliness and honesty, unless that peace be established. For when curious reasonings disturb our faith, what peace is there? or when spirits of uncleanness, what peace is there?“

— John Chrysostom
[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf113/Page_429.html Homilies on Timothy], Homily VII

„For the Master is gracious and receives the last even as the first; He gives rest to him that comes at the eleventh hour, just as to him who has labored from the first. He has mercy upon the last and cares for the first; to the one He gives, and to the other He is gracious. He both honors the work and praises the intention.“

— John Chrysostom
Paschal Homily Both English Wikipedia and English Wikisource contain the whole text of this homily. In Byzantine Rite churches, the whole homily is read out annually as part of Paschal Matins service.