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Eric Richard Kandel é um neurocientista austríaco, naturalizado estadunidense.

Foi agraciado, juntamente com o sueco Arvid Carlsson e com o estadunidense Paul Greengard, com o Nobel de Fisiologia ou Medicina de 2000, por descobertas envolvendo a transmissão de sinais entre células nervosas no cérebro humano.

Kandel formou-se médico, especializou-se em psiquiatria, mas abandonou a clínica para se dedicar às neurociências. Trabalhando, por 45 anos, com um organismo muito simples - Aplysia californica, o nobel de medicina revelou aspectos fundamentais do processo de formação de memórias. Kandel acredita "que a integração da psiquiatria com a biologia molecular trará uma compreensão mais completa da mente humana e estratégias terapêuticas mais eficazes". Wikipedia  

✵ 7. Novembro 1929
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Eric Kandel: 81   citações 0   Curtidas

Eric Kandel: Frases em inglês

“Science may explain aspects of art but it will not replace the inspiration that art evokes…”

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Eric R. Kandel

The Age of Insight (2012)

“One of the characteristic features of Viennese life at this time was the continual, easy interaction of artists, writers, and thinkers with scientists.”

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Eric R. Kandel

The Age of Insight (2012)

“Having been trained in history and the humanities, where one learns early on how depressing life can be, I am delighted to have ultimately switched to biology, where a delusional optimism still abounds.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“Even though I had long been taught that the genes of the brain are the governors of behavior, the absolute masters of our fate, our work showed that, in the brain as in bacteria, genes are also servants of the environment.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)
Contexto: Even though I had long been taught that the genes of the brain are the governors of behavior, the absolute masters of our fate, our work showed that, in the brain as in bacteria, genes are also servants of the environment.... An environmental stimulus... activates modulatory interneurons that release serotonin. The serotonin acts on the sensory neuron to increase cyclic AMP and to cause protein kinase A and MAP kinase to move to the nucleus and activate CREB. The activation of CREB, in turn, leads to the expression of genes that changes the function and the structure of the cell.

“Mountcastle discovered that tactile sensation is made up of several distinct modalities; for example, touch includes… hard pressure on the skin as well as a light brush… He found that each distinct submodality has its own private pathway within the brain and that this segregation is maintained at each relay…”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“In the near future, neurobiology will address a matter of more general and fundamental importance: the biology of human mental processes. …Psychology and psychiatry can illuminate and define for biology the mental functions that need to be studied if we are to have a meaningful and sophisticated understanding of the biology of the human mind.”

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Eric R. Kandel

Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and the New Biology of Mind (2008)

“Giacomo Rizzolatti… calls these "mirror neurons" and suggests that they provide the first insight into imitation, identification, empathy, and possibly the ability to mime vocalization—the mental processes intrinsic to human interaction. Vilayanur Ramachandran has found evidence of comparable neurons in the premotor cortex of people. …one can see a whole new area of biology opening up… that can give us a sense of what makes us social, communicating beings. An ambitious undertaking of this sort might… teach us something about the factors that give rise to tribalism, which is so often associated with fear, hatred, and intolerance of outsiders.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“I would like to develop a reductionist approach to the problem of attention by focusing on how place cells… create an enduring spatial map only when an organism is paying attention to its surroundings.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“Jacob and Monod found that in bacteria, genes are switched on and off by other genes. This led them to distinguish between effector genes and regulatory genes. Effector genes encode effector proteins… which mediate specific cellular functions. Regulatory genes encode proteins called regulatory proteins, which switch the effector genes on or off.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“…in various types of organisms, from snails to flies to mice to people. …learning and memory, as well as synaptic and neuronal plasticity, represent a family of processes that share a common logic and some key components but vary in the details of their molecular mechanisms.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“Viennese life at the turn of the century provided opportunities in salons and coffeehouses for scientists, writers, and artists to come together in an atmosphere that was at once inspiring, optimistic, and politically engaged. …science was no longer the narrow and restrictive province of scientists but had become an integral part of Viennese culture. …a paradigm for how an open dialogue can be achieved.”

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Eric R. Kandel

The Age of Insight (2012)

“Modernism began in the mid-nineteenth century as a response not only to the restrictions and hypocrisies of everyday life, but also as a reaction to the Enlightenment's emphasis on the rationality of human behavior. …The founders of the Royal Society thought of God as a mathematician who had designed the universe according to logical and mathematical principles. The role of the scientist—the natural philosopher was to… decipher the codebook that God had used in creating the cosmos.”

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Eric R. Kandel

The Age of Insight (2012)

“What is learning but a set of sensory signals from the environment, with different forms of learning resulting from different types or patterns of sensory signals?”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“I entered Harvard to become a historian and left to become a psychoanalyst, only to abandon both… to follow my intuition that the road to a real understanding of mind must pass through the cellular pathways of the brain.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“My hope is that the difference in the three generations' attitudes may signal a lessening of anti-Semitism in Austria.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“The idea that we are unaware of much of out mental life, first developed by Hermann Helmholtz, is central to psychoanalysis. Freud has added the interesting idea that although we are not aware of most instances of mental processing, we can gain conscious access… by paying attention.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“The firing of individual nerve cells involved in perceptual and motor processing is modified by attention and decision making.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“It is much more meaningful and enjoyable to read the scientific literature about experiments you are involved in yourself than to read about science in the abstract.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“The idea that different aspects of visual perception might be handled in separate areas of the brain was predicted by Freud at the end of the nineteenth century. …a cortical defect that affected [the] ability to combine aspects of vision into a meaningful pattern. …defects, which Freud called agnosias (loss of knowledge)…”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“Exceptionally good memory exhibited by some people may stem from genetic differences in CREB-2 that limit the activity of this repressor protein in relation to CREB-1.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)

“The fact that a gene must be switched on to form a long-term memory shows clearly that genes are not simply determinants of behavior but are also responsive to environmental stimulation, such as learning.”

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Eric R. Kandel

In Search of Memory (2006)