Frases de Edward Gibbon

Edward Gibbon foi um historiador inglês que expressou-se no espírito do conservadorismo, autor de A História do Declínio e Queda do Império Romano.Nasceu em família relativamente rica, dona de uma propriedade em Hampshire. Filho único, foi educado por uma tia a partir dos 10 anos, em razão da morte de sua mãe. Teve uma saúde precária durante a infância. Aos 14 anos, o pai enviou-o para a Universidade de Oxford. Seu pai ficou alarmado quando o jovem Gibbon começou a dar sinais de simpatia pela igreja católica. Eram os tempos das controvérsias religiosas de Oxford .

Neste tempo, a religião católica em Inglaterra era reprimida. Para um digno senhor inglês, a conversão ao catolicismo no século XVIII acarretaria implicações significativas para o resto da vida. Muitas portas se lhe fechariam no futuro. Para evitar esta ocorrência, o pai de Gibbon retirou-o da universidade e enviou-o para o senhor M. Pavilliard, pastor protestante e tutor privado em Lausanne, Suíça. Ficou naquela cidade durante cinco anos, adquirindo uma vasta cultura.

A sua educação em Lausanne teria um impacto profundo e duradouro. Ele escreveu em suas memórias que, "qualquer que tenha sido o fruto da minha educação, ele deverá ser atribuído à afortunada expulsão que me colocou em Lausanne... Aquilo que sou, no espírito, na aprendizagem ou em maneiras, devo-o a Lausanne: foi nessa escola que a estátua se fez a partir do bloco de mármore". Sir Hugh Trevor-Roper disse que "sem a experiência de Lausanne não teria havido A história do declínio e queda do império romano".

Em 1757, imbuído do ceticismo iluminista, Gibbon retornou para a Inglaterra, onde foi capitão da milícia de Hampshire por dois anos. A seguir, dedicou-se aos estudos históricos e começou a escrever.

Em 1761 publicou Ensaio sobre o estudo da literatura. Dois anos depois faz viagem pela Europa e em Roma surgiu a ideia de sua grande obra: História do declínio e queda do império romano, obra esta que cobre não somente a história da Roma imperial mas também do Império Bizantino e da Alta Idade Média ocidental.

Após a morte de seu pai em 1770, Gibbon retorna uma vez mais para a Inglaterra. Foi membro do Parlamento e se fez notar pela violenta oposição à independência das colônias americanas.

Depois de sete anos de trabalho, publicou a primeira parte de sua obra. Obteve sucesso imediato, apesar das polêmicas motivadas por sua interpretação nacionalista das origens do cristianismo. Em 1783 retornou para Lausanne, onde terminou sua História. Cinco anos depois publicou-a integralmente na Inglaterra. Em 1793 escreveu uma Autobiografia, que foi publicada postumamente em 1796.

Sua História do declínio e queda do império romano é um marco na historiografia de língua inglesa. Continua a ser uma obra de referência.

Faleceu em Londres no dia 16 de janeiro de 1794. Encontra-se sepultado em St Andrew and St Mary the Virgin Churchyard, Fletching, East Sussex na Inglaterra. Wikipedia  

✵ 27. Abril 1737 – 16. Janeiro 1794   •   Outros nomes Эдвард Гиббон, एडवार्ड गिबन, ಗಿಬ್ಬನ್, ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್
Edward Gibbon photo

Obras

Edward Gibbon: 54   citações 6   Curtidas

Edward Gibbon Frases famosas

“O vento e as ondas estão sempre a favor do navegador habilidoso.”

The wind and the waves are always on the side of the ablest navigators.
The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire‎ - Vol. IV, Página 345 http://books.google.com.br/books?id=joUPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA345, de Edward Gibbon - Publicado por Harper & brothers, 1841

Edward Gibbon frases e citações

Edward Gibbon: Frases em inglês

“The winds and waves are always on the side of the ablest navigators.”

Vol. 1, Chap. 68. Compare: "On dit que Dieu est toujours pour les gros bataillons" (translated: "It is said that God is always on the side of the heaviest battalions"), Voltaire, Letter to M. le Riche. 1770; "J'ai toujours vu Dieu du coté des gros bataillons (translated: "I have always noticed that God is on the side of the heaviest battalions"), De la Ferté to Anne of Austria.
The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire: Volume 1 (1776)

“The various modes of worship which prevailed in the Roman world were all considered by the people as equally true; by the philosopher as equally false; and by the magistrate as equally useful.”

Edward Gibbon A História do Declínio e Queda do Império Romano

Volume 1, Chapter 2 "Of the Union and Internal Prosperity of the Roman Empire, in the Age of the Antonines" http://www.ccel.org/ccel/gibbon/decline/files/volume1/chap2.htm. The portion regarding the views of the religions of the time taken by various constituencies has been misreported as Gibbon's own assessment of religion generally. See Paul F. Boller, John George, They Never Said It: A Book of Fake Quotes, Misquotes, and Misleading Attributions (1990), pp. 34–35.
The bold text has been misattributed to Lucretius and Seneca the Younger.
The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire (1776)
Fonte: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Contexto: The various modes of worship, which prevailed in the Roman world, were all considered by the people, as equally true; by the philosopher, as equally false; and by the magistrate, as equally useful. And thus toleration produced not only mutual indulgence, but even religious concord.
Contexto: The policy of the emperors and the senate, as far as it concerned religion, was happily seconded by the reflections of the enlightened, and by the habits of the superstitious, part of their subjects. The various modes of worship, which prevailed in the Roman world, were all considered by the people, as equally true; by the philosopher, as equally false; and by the magistrate, as equally useful. And thus toleration produced not only mutual indulgence, but even religious concord.
The superstition of the people was not embittered by any mixture of theological rancour; nor was it confined by the chains of any speculative system. The devout polytheist, though fondly attached to his national rites, admitted with implicit faith the different religions of the earth. Fear, gratitude, and curiosity, a dream or an omen, a singular disorder, or a distant journey, perpetually disposed him to multiply the articles of his belief, and to enlarge the list of his protectors. The thin texture of the Pagan mythology was interwoven with various but not discordant materials.

“Revenge is profitable, gratitude is expensive.”

Edward Gibbon A História do Declínio e Queda do Império Romano

Vol. 1, Chap. 11.
The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire: Volume 1 (1776)
Fonte: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

“War, in its fairest form, implies a perpetual violation of humanity and justice.”

Edward Gibbon A História do Declínio e Queda do Império Romano

Fonte: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

“In a distant age and climate the tragic scene of the death of Hussyn will awaken the sympathy of the coldest reader.”

Vol. 5, pages:391–392.
The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire: Volume 1 (1776)

“The reign of Antoninus is marked by the rare advantage of furnishing very few materials for history, which is indeed little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind.”

Vol. 1, Chap. 3. Compare: "L'histoire n'est que le tableau des crimes et des malheurs" (translated: "History is but the record of crimes and misfortunes"), Voltaire, L'Ingénu, chap. x.
The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire: Volume 1 (1776)

“Wit and valor are qualities that are more easily ascertained than virtue, or the love of wisdom.”

Vol. 1, Chap. 1.
The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire: Volume 1 (1776)

“In the end, more than freedom, they wanted security. They wanted a comfortable life, and they lost it all – security, comfort, and freedom. When the Athenians finally wanted not to give to society but for society to give to them, when the freedom they wished for most was freedom from responsibility, then Athens ceased to be free and was never free again.”

This quotation appeared in an article by Margaret Thatcher, "The Moral Foundations of Society" ( Imprimis, March 1995 https://imprimis.hillsdale.edu/the-moral-foundations-of-society/), which was an edited version of a lecture Thatcher had given at Hillsdale College in November 1994. Here is the actual passage from Thatcher's article:
<blockquote>[M]ore than they wanted freedom, the Athenians wanted security. Yet they lost everything—security, comfort, and freedom. This was because they wanted not to give to society, but for society to give to them. The freedom they were seeking was freedom from responsibility. It is no wonder, then, that they ceased to be free. In the modern world, we should recall the Athenians' dire fate whenever we confront demands for increased state paternalism.</blockquote>
The italicized passage above originated with Thatcher. In characterizing the Athenians in the article she cited Sir Edward Gibbon, but she seems to have been paraphrasing statements in "Athens' Failure," a chapter of classicist Edith Hamilton's book The Echo of Greece (1957), pp. 47–48 http://www.ergo-sum.net/books/Hamilton_EchoOfGreece_pp.47-48.jpg).
Misattributed

“Our sympathy is cold to the relation of distant misery.”

Vol. 1, Chap. 49.
The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire: Volume 1 (1776)

“Amiable weaknesses of human nature.”

Vol. 1, Chap. 14. Compare: "Amiable weakness", Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Book x, Chapter viii.
The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire: Volume 1 (1776)

“It has been calculated by the ablest politicians that no State, without being soon exhausted, can maintain above the hundredth part of its members in arms and idleness.”

Edward Gibbon A História do Declínio e Queda do Império Romano

Vol. 1, Chap. 5 http://books.google.com/books?id=aLcWAAAAQAAJ&q=&quot;It+has+been&quot;+&quot;calculated+by+the+ablest+politicians+that+no+State+without+being+soon+exhausted+can+maintain+above+the+hundredth+part+of+its+members+in+arms+and+idleness&quot;&pg=PA106#v=onepage
The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire: Volume 1 (1776)