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Douglas MacArthur foi um oficial militar norte-americano que serviu tanto no Exército dos Estados Unidos quanto no Exército Filipino e desempenhou um papel proeminente no Teatro do Pacífico durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ele recebeu a Medalha de Honra por seu serviço na Campanha das Filipinas e tornou-se um de apenas cinco homens a alcançar a patente de General do Exército nos Estados Unidos, também sendo o único homem a ser Marechal de Campo das forças armadas das Filipinas.

MacArthur nasceu em uma família de histórico militar no Velho Oeste norte-americano, estudando na Academia Militar do Oeste do Texas e na Academia Militar dos Estados Unidos, onde se formou em 1903 como o primeiro de sua turma. Ele conduziu uma missão de reconhecimento durante a Ocupação de Veracruz pelos Estados Unidos, pela qual foi nomeado para a Medalha de Honra. MacArthur foi promovido a coronel em 1917 e tornou-se chefe do estado maior da 42ª Divisão de Infantaria. Em seguida lutou na Primeira Guerra Mundial, alcançando a patente de general de brigada e sendo novamente nomeado para a Medalha de Honra, recebendo a Cruz de Serviço Distinto duas vezes e a Estrela de Prata sete.

Ele serviu como Superintendente da Academia Militar de West Point entre 1919 e 1922, tentando implantar uma série de reformas. Depois disso foi designado para as Filipinas, onde foi instrumental em 1924 para acabar com um motim de oficiais. MacArthur foi um dos juízes da corte marcial do general Billy Mitchell e presidente do Comitê Olímpico dos Estados Unidos para os Jogos de 1928 em Amsterdã. Ele tornou-se Chefe do Estado Maior do Exército em 1930, envolvendo-se como tal na expulsão de veteranos da Primeira Guerra que protestaram em Washington e também no estabelecimento no Corpo Civil de Conservação. MacArthur aposentou-se em 1937 e foi ser conselheiro militar para o governo filipino.

MacArthur voltou para o serviço em 1941 como comandante das Forças Armadas dos Estados Unidos no Extremo Oriente. Os japoneses invadiram as Filipinas em dezembro, forçando-o a recuar para Bataan e depois fugir para a Austrália. Ele recebeu a Medalha de Honra por suas ações na defesa das Filipinas e lutou no Pacífico pelos dois anos seguintes até reconquistar as Filipinas. MacArthur oficialmente aceitou a rendição do Japão em 2 de setembro de 1945, supervisionando a ocupação do país até 1951. Ele liderou o Comando das Nações Unidas na Guerra da Coreia até ser removido do comando. MacAthur voltou para a vida particular e morreu de cirrose em 1964. Seu legado é em sua maior parte misto. Wikipedia  

✵ 26. Janeiro 1880 – 5. Abril 1964
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Douglas MacArthur: 50   citações 0   Curtidas

Douglas MacArthur: Frases em inglês

“The Japanese people, since the war, have undergone the greatest reformation recorded in modern history. With a commendable will, eagerness to learn, and marked capacity to understand, they have, from the ashes left in war's wake, erected in Japan an edifice dedicated to the supremacy of individual liberty and personal dignity; and in the ensuing process there has been created a truly representative government committed to the advance of political morality, freedom of economic enterprise, and social justice. Politically, economically, and socially Japan is now abreast of many free nations of the earth and will not again fail the universal trust… I sent all four of our occupation divisions to the Korean battlefront without the slightest qualms as to the effect of the resulting power vacuum upon Japan. The results fully justified my faith. I know of no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious, nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service in the advance of the human race.”

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Douglas MacArthur

1950s, Farewell address to Congress (1951)

“The days of the frontal attack are over. Modern infantry weapons are too deadly, and frontal assault is only for mediocre commanders. Good commanders do not turn in heavy losses.”

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Douglas MacArthur

Fonte: Reminiscences (1964), p. 198

“"Duty, Honor, Country" — those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are your rallying point to build courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes forlorn… In my dreams I hear again the crash of guns, the rattle of musketry, the strange, mournful mutter of the battlefield. But in the evening of my memory always I come back to West Point. Always there echoes and re-echoes: Duty, Honor, Country. Today marks my final roll call with you. But I want you to know that when I cross the river, my last conscious thoughts will be of the Corps, and the Corps, and the Corps. I bid you farewell.”

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Douglas MacArthur

Sylvanus Thayer Award acceptance speech to the cadets of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York (12 May 1962)

“I came out of Bataan and I shall return!”

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Douglas MacArthur

While transferring trains at Terowie, South Australia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terowie regarding the Battle of Philippines (20 March 1942)

“I stand on this rostrum with a sense of deep humility and great pride — humility in the weight of those great American architects of our history who have stood here before me; pride in the reflection that this home of legislative debate represents human liberty in the purest form yet devised.”

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Douglas MacArthur

1950s, Farewell address to Congress (1951)

“Late in the war, General Marshall, while returning from an Allied conference between Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill at Tehran, stopped over a day in the Southwest Pacific Area. We had a long and frank discussion. I called attention to the paucity of men and materiel that I was receiving as compared with all other theaters of war. He said he realized the imbalance and regretted it, but could do little to alter the low priority accorded the area. He said:
Admiral King claimed the Pacific as the rightful domain of the Navy; he seemed to regard the operations there as almost his own private war; he apparently felt that the only way to remove the blot on the Navy disaster at Pearl Harbor was to have the Navy command a great victory over Japan; he was adamant in his refusal to allow any major fleet to be under other command than that of naval officers although maintaining that naval officers were competent to command ground or air forces; he resented the prominent part I had in the Pacific War; he was vehement in his personal criticism of me and encouraged Navy propaganda to that end; he had the complete support of President Roosevelt and his Chief of Staff, Admiral Leahy, and in many cases of General Arnold, the head of the Air Force.”

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Douglas MacArthur

Fonte: Reminiscences (1964), p. 183

“I am concerned for the security of our great Nation; not so much because of any potential threat from without, but because of the insidious forces working from within which, opposed to all of our great traditions, have gravely weakened the structure and tone of our American way of life.”

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Douglas MacArthur

Austin, Texas (13 June 1951); as published in General MacArthur Speeches and Reports 1908-1964 https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1563115891, ed. Edward T. Imparato, Turner Publishing Company (2000), p.175
1950s, Speech to the Texas Legislature

“In this situation, it becomes vital that our own country orient its policies in consonance with this basic evolutionary condition rather than pursue a course blind to the reality that the colonial era is now past and the Asian peoples covet the right to shape their own free destiny. What they seek now is friendly guidance, understanding, and support — not imperious direction — the dignity of equality and not the shame of subjugation.”

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Douglas MacArthur

1950s, Farewell address to Congress (1951)

“The Pacific no longer represents menacing avenues of approach for a prospective invader. It assumes, instead, the friendly aspect of a peaceful lake. Our line of defense is a natural one and can be maintained with a minimum of military effort and expense.”

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Douglas MacArthur

1950s, Farewell address to Congress (1951)

“I see that the flagpole still stands. Have your troops hoist the colors to its peak, and let no enemy ever haul them down.”

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Douglas MacArthur

To Colonel George M. Jones and the 503rd Regimental Combat Team, who recaptured Corregidor (2 March 1945), as quoted in Bureau of Navigation News Bulletin (1945), p. 40

“These reminiscences are neither history, biography nor a diary, although they comprise something of each of these categories. What is presented is far from a complete account even of all of the incidents in which I had a part, but merely my recollections of events, refreshed by a reference to my own memoranda and a free use of staff studies and historical records made under my direction and supervision. It may assist the future historian when he seeks to account for the motives and reasons which influenced some of the actions in the great drama of war. It is also my hope that it will prove of some interest to the rising generations, who may learn thereform that a country and government such as ours is worth fighting for, and dying for, if need be.”

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Douglas MacArthur

Fonte: Reminiscences (1964), p. v

“There are many who have lost faith in this early American ideal and believe in a form of socialistic, totalitarian rule, a sort of big brother deity to run our lives for us. They no longer believe that free men can successfully manage their own affairs. Their thesis is that a handful of men, centered in government, largely bureaucratic not elected, can utilize the proceeds of our toil and labor to greater advantage than those who create it. Nowhere in the history of the human race is there justification for this reckless faith in political power. It is the oldest, most reactionary of all forms of social organization. It was tried out in ancient Babylon, ancient Greece and ancient Rome; in Mussolini's Italy, in Hitler's Germany, and in all communist countries. Wherever and whenever it has been attempted, it has failed utterly to provide economic security, and has generally ended in national disaster. It embraces an essential idiocy, that individuals who, as private citizens, are not to manage the disposition of their own earnings, become in public office supermen who can manage the affairs of the world.”

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Douglas MacArthur

Fonte: Reminiscences (1964), p. 418

“I had been warned about Mr. Truman's quick and violent temper and prejudices, but he radiated nothing but courtesy and good humor during our meeting. He has an engaging personality, a quick and witty tongue, and I liked him from the start. At the conference itself, he seemed to take great pride in his historical knowledge, but, it seemed to me that in spite of his having read much, it was of a superficial character, encompassing facts without the logic and reasoning dictating those facts. Of the Far East he knew little, presenting a strange combination of distorted history and vague hopes that somehow, some way, we could do something to help those struggling against Communism.”

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Douglas MacArthur

Fonte: Reminiscences (1964), p. 361

“The Puerto Ricans forming the ranks of the gallant 65th Infantry on the battlefields of Korea … are writing a brilliant record of achievement in battle and I am proud indeed to have them in this command. I wish that we might have many more like them.”

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Douglas MacArthur

Quoted on 12 February 1951 in Tokyo http://www.valerosos.com/HonorandFidelity3.html#The_Korean_War:_1950

“The President's party arrived in three planes with thirty-fie reporters and photographers. As I shook hands with Mr. Truman, he remarked, "I've been a long time meeting you, General." I replied, "I hope it won't be so long next time."”

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Douglas MacArthur

But there was never to be a next time.
Fonte: Reminiscences (1964), p. 361

“The soldier, be he friend or foe, is charged with the protection of the weak and unarmed. It is the very essence and reason for his being. When he violates this sacred trust, he not only profanes his entire cult but threatens the very fabric of international society. The traditions of fighting men are long and honorable. They are based upon the noblest of human traits—sacrifice.”

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Douglas MacArthur

From a 1946 statement by MacArthur confirming the death sentence imposed by a U. S. military commission on Japanese General Tomoyuki Yamashita, as quoted in MacArthur's Reminscences (McGraw-Hill, 1964) p. 295. Also used as the epigraph to Telford Taylor's Nuremberg and Vietnam: An American Tragedy (New York: Bantam, 1970).
1940s

“The history of failure in war can almost be summed up in two words: 'Too late.'”

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Douglas MacArthur

Too late in comprehending the deadly purpose of a potential enemy; too late in realizing the mortal danger; too late in preparedness; too late in uniting all possible forces for resistance, too late in standing with one's friends. Victory in war results from no mysterious alchemy or wizardry but depends entirely upon the concentration of superior force at the critical points of combat.

Statement MacArthur made in 1940, as quoted by James B. Reston in Prelude to Victory (1942), p. 64
1940s

“Duty, Honor, Country - those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are your rallying point to build courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes forlorn...”

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Douglas MacArthur

Sylvanus Thayer Award acceptance speech to the cadets of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York (12 May 1962)

“The world has turned over many times since I took the oath on the plain at West Point, and the hopes and dreams have long since vanished, but I still remember the refrain of one of the most popular barrack ballads of that day which proclaimed most proudly that "old soldiers never die; they just fade away."
And like the old soldier of that ballad, I now close my military career and just fade away, an old soldier who tried to do his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty.”

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Douglas MacArthur

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1950s, Farewell address to Congress (1951)