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Frases de Ramsay MacDonald

James Ramsay MacDonald FRS , foi um político britânico, um dos fundadores e dirigentes do Partido Trabalhista Independente e do Partido Trabalhista, foi o primeiro trabalhista a se tornar primeiro-ministro do Reino Unido, no reinado de Jorge V.

Os historiadores dão crédito a MacDonald, junto com Keir Hardie e Arthur Henderson, como um dos três principais fundadores da Partido Trabalhista. Seus discursos, panfletos e livros fez dele um teórico importante, mas ele teve um papel ainda mais importante, como Líder do Partido Trabalhista. Ele entrou no Parlamento em 1906 e foi o líder dos deputados trabalhistas entre 1911 e 1914. Sua oposição à Primeira Guerra Mundial tornou-o impopular, e ele foi derrotado em 1918. O desvanecimento das paixões do tempo da guerra tornou mais fácil para um político anti-guerra para encontrar uma plataforma, e ele voltou ao Parlamento, em 1922, que era o ponto em que os trabalhistas substituíram o Partido Liberal como o segundo maior partido.

Seu primeiro governo - formado com o apoio liberal - em 1924, durou nove meses, mas foi derrotado na Eleições Gerais de 1924, quando os conservadores fizeram grandes ganhos em detrimento dos liberais e conquistou a maioria. Não obstante o seu curto mandato, demonstrou que o Partido Trabalhista era suficientemente competente e bem organizado para executar o governo. Um orador poderoso, na década de 1920 ele ganhou grande respeito do público por seu pacifismo.

Inicialmente, ele colocou sua fé na Liga das Nações. No entanto, no início dos anos 1930, ele sentiu que a coesão interna do Império Britânico, uma tarifa protetora e um programa de defesa britânico independente seria o mais sábio na política britânica. As pressões do orçamento e um forte sentimento pacifista popular forçaram uma redução dos orçamentos militares e navais.Os trabalhistas retornaram ao poder - desta vez como o maior partido - em 1929, mas logo o gabinete foi dominado pela crise da Grande Depressão, em que o governo trabalhista foi dividido por demandas de cortes de gastos públicos para preservar o padrão-ouro. Em 1931, MacDonald formou um Governo Nacional, em que apenas dois de seus colegas trabalhistas concordaram em servir e cuja maioria dos deputados eram de conservadores. Como resultado, MacDonald foi expulso do Partido Trabalhista, que o acusou de traição. O padrão-ouro logo teve que ser abandonado e depois do Motim Naval de Invergordon, o Governo Nacional de MacDonald perdeu nas Eleições Gerais de 1931, em que o Partido Trabalhista era reduzido a um grupo de cerca de 50 cadeiras na Câmara dos Comuns.

MacDonald permaneceu primeiro-ministro do Governo Nacional de 1931 a 1935; durante este tempo a sua saúde se deteriorou rapidamente e ele tornou-se cada vez mais ineficaz como um líder. Retirou-se como primeiro-ministro em 1935, perdendo o seu lugar na eleição geral daquele ano e voltou para um eleitorado diferente, mas permaneceu no gabinete como Lorde presidente do Conselho até aposentar-se do governo em 1937 e de morrer mais tarde naquele ano. Wikipedia  

✵ 12. Outubro 1866 – 9. Novembro 1937
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Ramsay MacDonald: 27   citações 0   Curtidas

Ramsay MacDonald: Frases em inglês

“Might and spirit will win and incalculable political and social consequences will follow upon victory. Victory must therefore be ours. England is not played out. Her mission is not accomplished. She can, if she would, take the place of esteemed honour among the democracies of the world, and if peace is to come with healing on her wings the democracies of Europe must be her guardians…History, will, in due time, apportion the praise and the blame, but the young men of the country must, for the moment, settle the immediate issue of victory. Let them do it in the spirit of the brave men who have crowned our country with honour in times that have gone. Whoever may be in the wrong, men so inspired will be in the right. The quarrel was not of the people, but the end of it will be the lives and liberties of the people. Should an opportunity arise to enable me to appeal to the pure love of country - which I know is a precious sentiment in all our hearts, keeping it clear of thought which I believe to be alien to real patriotism - I shall gladly take that opportunity. If need be I shall make it for myself. I wish the serious men of the Trade Union, the Brotherhood and similar movements to face their duty. To such it is enough to say 'England has need of you'; to say it in the right way. They will gather to her aid. They will protect her when the war is over, they will see to it that the policies and conditions that make it will go like the mists of a plague and shadows of a pestilence.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Letter to the Mayor of Leicester, declining to speak at a recruitment meeting (September 1914), quoted in David Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald (Metro, 1997), p. 175
1910s

“Factory Laws, Fair Wages resolutions, Trade Unionism itself, are…all Protection - not the Protection of Mr. Chaplin, the landlord, nor of Mr. Chamberlain, the demagogue, but the Protection of the Socialist.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

The Zollverein and British Industry (1903), p. 164
1900s

“Mr. Rockefeller not only owns the Standard Oil supplies: he controls the railways, the banks, the shops…upon which his Trust depends. The Steel Corporation not only makes steel; it owns coal and iron fields, ore steamers, the Erie and Pittsburgh mineral railway, as well as the operatives in Homestead. We oppose the Trust, not as an organisation, but because it is controlled by individuals for their own ends…But the Trust points out the line of British advance. In this country, however, the introduction of the Trust should be marked by public ownership.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

The Zollverein and British Industry (1903), pp. 159-160
1900s

“Lower forms merge into higher forms, one species with another, the vegetable into the animal kingdom; in human history one epoch slides into another…Socialism, the stage which follows Liberalism, retains everything of value in Liberalism by virtue of its being the hereditary heir of Liberalism.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Socialism and Society (1905), pp. 164-165
1900s

“Of the Budget as a whole, I say "Bravo". I am going to support it through thick and thin.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

On Lloyd George's People's Budget, quoted in 'From Green Benches', Leicester Pioneer (8 May 1909).

“You are faced with the problem of what to do in respect to this question, to that question, and to the other question, but perfectly obviously, after you have faced the more superficial aspects of the separate questions, you want to know in relation to a complete plan what you are actually giving and what you are actually getting. Therefore, when the departmental, or compartmental, exploration has gone on to a certain extent it cannot be finished until somebody, co-ordinating all your problems, sets out in one statement and declaration the complete scheme that this Conference can pass in order to give security, to give disarmament, to give hope to the future–until that scheme has been placed before you, you cannot complete your examination of compartmental problems and questions…”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Speech to the Geneva Disarmament Conference (1933), quoted by John Gunther, Inside Europe (1940), p. 338, as an example of MacDonald's increasing mental deterioration.
1930s

“Felt the virtues of the Victorian times so condemned by Mr Strachey. The simple honesties can always be made a butt by the impish unrealiabilites.”

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Diary entry (23 April 1921), quoted in David Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald (Metro, 1997), p. 246. MacDonald was reading Strachey's biography of Queen Victoria. He finished the book two days later and wrote in his diary that he was relieved that Strachey "enmeshed in Victoria's virtues & the real drama of her last phase. As a good Victorian I shd. like to let myself loose upon him. A psychological study of unusual interest" (Marquand, p. 246)
1920s

“He had been across the veldt, he had seen the battlefields, the still open trenches, and it all came to Chinese labour. They were told it was going to release the slaves, the Uitlanders, to open up South Africa to a great flood of white emigrants. They were told it was going to plant the Union Jack upon the land of the free. But the echoes of the muskets had hardly died out on the battlefields, the ink on the treaty was hardly dry, before the men who plotted the war began to plot to bring in Chinese slaves. (Cheers.) They could talk about their gold; their gold is tainted. (Hear, hear.) They could talk about employing white men; it was not true, and even if it were true, was he going to stand and see his white brothers degraded to the position of yellow slave drivers? No, he was not. (Loud and continued cheers.) These patriots! These miserable patriots! If they had had the custodianship of the opinions of the country 75 years ago, slavery in the colonies would have continued. When the north was fighting the south for the liberty of men, these men would have counted their guineas, would have told them how many white men had plied the lash in the southern states, and they would have said that for miserable cash, miserable trash, the great name of the country required to be bought and sold. Thank God there were no twentieth century Unionist imperialists in office then.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Loud cheers.
Leicester Daily Mercury (6 January 1906)
1900s

“The desolation of loneliness is terrible. Was I wise? Perhaps not, but it seemed as though anything else was impossible.”

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Notebook entry (27 December 1932) on his estrangement from the Labour Party, quoted in David Marquand, ‘ MacDonald, (James) Ramsay (1866–1937) http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34704,’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009
1930s

“Yes, to-morrow every Duchess in London will be wanting to kiss me!”

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Fonte: MacDonald to Philip Snowden the day after the formation of the National government (25 August 1931), quoted in Philip Snowden, An Autobiography. Volume Two: 1919-1934 (London: Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1934), p. 987

“[I]f we lose our chance now…that chance will not return either to us or to our children. The memories of the last War will grow dim. The world will get back into the old rut, familiar professions and piety about peace will again soothe us to sleep, and the various countries will once more base their security upon military preparation. So they will all, in the end, find themselves drifting hopelessly upon those currents that make for war. … And remember what the next war will be like. The old lines which divide combatants from non-combatants, the weak and the diseased from the strong and the robust, men from women and children, will all be obliterated and civilization itself assailed, and from sea and sky will be brought to a heap of ruins.”

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Speech at the Free Trade Hall, Manchester (24 May 1929), quoted in David Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald (Metro, 1997), p. 487
1920s

“[The Kellog Pact is] a mighty moral bulwark against war - and we must never underestimate the effectiveness of moral bulwarks with no bayonet nor bludgeon behind them. The entry of the United States into the Permanent Court of International Justice, the growing confidence in the court, and the increase in the number of nations who have signed the Optional Clause mark definite and, I believe, irrevocable steps in the displacement of military power by judicial process in the settlement of international disputes. Public servants like us will fail in our duty if we do not diminish military power in proportion to the increase of political security…I dare affirm that, in the naval programme of the leading naval powers, there is a margin between real security needs and actual or projected strength, and the world expects this Conference to eliminate that margin.”

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Speech as chairman of the London Naval Conference (January 1930), quoted in David Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald (Metro, 1997), p. 510
1930s

“In youth one believes in democracy, later on, one has to accept it.”

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Diary entry (20 March 1919), quoted in David Marquand, ‘ MacDonald, (James) Ramsay (1866–1937) http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34704,’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009
1910s

“If we yield now to the TUC we shall never be able to call our bodies or souls or intelligences our own.”

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Diary entry (22 August 1931) after the TUC rejected cuts in public spending, quoted in David Marquand, ‘ MacDonald, (James) Ramsay (1866–1937) http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/34704,’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009.
1930s

“Mr. Lloyd George will not resign on anything anti-German. He is anti-German, and the trust which the reasonable Peace people place in him is altogether misplaced.”

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'From Green Benches', Leicester Pioneer (20 July 1911)
1910s

“That blot on the peace of the world, the Treaty of Versailles, is vanishing, and for that I am thankful. … France has again had a severe lesson, and I hope it will take it this time. In any event the folly of pandering to it by standing rigidly to the letter of Versailles or Locarno…must now be plain and this logical and legalistic nation should be brought to face reality.”

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Fonte: Diary entry (8 March 1936) in response to the remilitarisation of the Rhineland, quoted in Stephen A. Schuker, 'France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936', French Historical Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Spring, 1986), p. 314

“This nation ought to be quipped to defend itself and to fulfil its responsibility under the League system of mutual assistance in the event of an aggressor coming to threaten us all. A defenceless Britain at this stage of evolution will not be an aid to peace but an incentive to war. But we must watch very closely lest the acceptance of the responsibility to prepare for defence may lead to a policy of militarism for its own sake. We draw this distinction and will continue to observe it.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Speech to the National Labour conference at Caxton Hall, London (28 October 1935), quoted in The Times (29 October 1935), p. 9
1930s

“The channels of world trade are so obstructed by the pursuit of nationalist economic policy that steps should be taken at once to make it possible to arrive at an international economic agreement which would revive international trade. A return to free trade pure and simple would only increase unemployment.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Speech to the National Labour conference at Caxton Hall, London (28 October 1935), quoted in The Times (29 October 1935), p. 9
1930s

“All this humbug of curing unemployment by Exchequer grants is one of the most superficial and ill considered proposals that has ever been foisted upon the Party. There is no more Socialism in it than there was in the cup of tea that I had at breakfast this morning.”

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Letter to Walton Newbold (2 June 1930), quoted in David Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald (Metro, 1997), p. 538
1930s

“The day is coming when we may have to give up orthodox free trade as we inherited it from our fathers.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Remark to J. H. Thomas (14 January 1930), quoted in Thomas Jones, Whitehall Diary, Volume II: 1926–1930 (Oxford University Press, 1969), p. 235
1930s

“The policy of Great Britain is not the policy of alliances with any certain set of nations. It is a policy of friendship with those nations that believe in democratic forms of government and democratic development. The policy of Great Britain now is, and must be, and will be, that all nations in good will, in singleness, and in disinterestedness of heart will meet together, consider the great problems of Europe and the problems of the whole world, and agree, as the result of cooperation, discussion, and joint exchange of opinion, on a common policy which will make alliances absolutely a thing of the past.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Address to the German Reichstag (15 October 1928), quoted in The Times (16 October 1928), p. 15
1920s

“If we refuse…what are the prospects? Repression, and nothing but repression, and it is a very uncomfortable repression; a kind of repression from which we shall get neither credit nor success. It is the repression of the masses of the people, the great proportion of these masses being women and children. It is the repression not of organisations and not of bodies; it will develop into the repression of the whole of the population. … If, on the other hand, you wish to bind India to you by bonds of confidence, to make her happy within your Empire and Commonwealth, if you wish to hear her praise you in gratitude and remain with you in pride, then accept the work that has been done by the Conference, and instruct the Government to proceed with it to a complete conclusion.”

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Speech https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1931-01-26/debates/8a5b21f7-05dc-4c09-b195-075ec6261125/CommonsChamber in the House of Commons (26 January 1931) on Indian constitutional reform
1930s

“The only reason from beginning to end is that our foreign office is anti-German and that the Admiralty was anxious to seize any opportunity for using the Navy in battle practice. … Never did we arm our people and ask them to give us their lives for less good cause than this.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Leicester Pioneer (7 August 1914), quoted in The Times (9 April 1918), p. 8 and The Times (18 January 1924), p. 14
1910s

“When Sir Edward Grey failed to secure peace between Germany and Russia, he worked deliberately to involve us in the war, using Belgium as his chief excuse.”

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Leicester Pioneer (7 August 1914), quoted in The Times (18 January 1924), p. 14
1910s

“We are going to Geneva determined, by persuasion, by arguments, by appeals to what has been written, appeals to measures already taken, appeals to history, appeals to common sense, to get the nations of the world to join in and reduce this enormous, disgraceful burden of armaments which we are now bearing from one end of the world to the other.”

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Ramsay MacDonald

Fonte: Speech in the Royal Albert Hall, London, in support of the aims of the Disarmament Conference in Geneva (11 July 1931), quoted in The Times (13 July 1931), p. 14

“What we have to do is to doom the slums. And we have done it. It is going to take a year or two. We are not only going to doom slums, we are going to doom overcrowding. Next Session the House of Commons will...pass legislation which is going to doom overcrowding as we have already doomed the slums.”

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Speech in Southampton (13 November 1934), quoted in The Times (14 November 1934), p. 16
1930s

“We want no injustice done to other people. I do not appeal to you merely as a class, but I do appeal to you workers to form yourselves into an organisation which will use political power in order to protect our human conditions and give you fair play in life.”

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Speech in the Hippodrome, Darlington (25 May 1929), quoted in The Times (27 May 1929), p. 9
1920s