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Pāṇini , nascido em Gandara , foi um gramático indiano que compôs uma gramática sânscrita com o nome Aṣṭādhyāyī , constituída por 8.000 sutras ou aforismos, cuja consistência e encadeamento lógico apresentam notável rigor. A composição da gramática de Pāṇini é convencionalmente usada para marcar o fim do sânscrito védico, e o começo do sânscrito clássico.

Os registros históricos disponíveis levam a comunidade científica a reputá-lo como a primeira gramática de uma língua produzida na história da civilização humana.

Essa gramática foi traduzida pela primeira vez para uma língua europeia no alemão, por Böthtlingk, em Lípsia entre 1837 e 1840.

Pāṇini resume e sintetiza toda uma tradição de gramáticos indianos anteriores, e cita o nome de 68 gramáticos predecessores.

Sua obsessão pelo estudo do sânscrito deve-se ao fato de que era considerada a língua dos deuses , e os eruditos davam-se conta de que ela se estava modificando ou "corrompendo". Com efeito, acreditava-se naquela época que apenas uma ligeira diferença ou erro de pronúncia poderia invalidar uma vasta e complicada cerimônia religiosa da cultura local.

Decorre disso o rigoroso estudo fonético e fonológico do sânscrito encontrado nesse texto: a análise da articulação é tão profunda que se admira pela sua modernidade. A análise do modo de produção dos sons da língua foi herdada duma tradição antiga, contida nos textos Prātiśākhyā védicos e nos Śikṣā. Nesses textos a distinção entre fone e fonema não é explicita, causando algumas diferenças metodológicas em comparação com a Lingüística ocidental. Wikipedia  

Pānini: 37   citações 0   Curtidas

Pānini: Frases em inglês

“In the fifteenth century Rāmachandra, in his Prakriyā-kaumudī, or "Moonlight of Method," endeavoured to make Pāṇini's grammar easier by a more practical arrangement of its matter. Bhaṭṭoji's Siddhānta-kaumudī (seventeenth century) has a similar aim; an abridgment of this work, the Laghu-kaumudī, by Varadarāja is commonly used as an introduction to the native system of grammar. Among non-Pāṇinean grammarians may be mentioned Chandra (about 600 A. D.), the pseudo-Çākaṭāyana (later than the Kāçikā), and, the most important, Hemachandra (12th century), author of a Prākrit grammar.”

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Pāṇini

Appendix A History of Sanskrit Literature

“The most successful, hence most prominent amongst these grammarians was Panini. His grammar, surpassing all others in tightness and precision, became the standard and remained so undisputedly until today. Panini was able to joint the original devanagari language into an exact framework of rules, thus preserving it for the posterity. Since his time, this language is called Sanskrit, “joined together, refined.””

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Pāṇini

An Analytical Study of 'Sanskrit' and 'Panini' as Foundation of Speech Communication in India and the World

“The word `Sanskrit' means “prepared, pure, refined or prefect”. It was not for nothing that it was called the `devavani' (language of the Gods). It has an outstanding place in our culture and indeed was recognized as a language of rare sublimity by the whole world. Sanskrit was the language of our philosophers, our scientists, our mathematicians, our poets and playwrights, our grammarians, our jurists, etc. In grammar, Panini and Patanjali (authors of Ashtadhyayi and the Mahabhashya) have no equals in the world; in astronomy and mathematics the works of Aryabhata, Brahmagupta and Bhaskara opened up new frontiers for mankind, as did the works of Charaka and Sushruta in medicine.”

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Pāṇini

Justice Markandey Katju in Speech delivered on 13.10.2009 in the Indian Institute of Science Bangalore in: Sanskrit As A Language Of Science http://www.iisc.ernet.in/misc/bang_speech.html, Indian Institute of Science.

“Pāṇini's grammar defines Classical Sanskrit, so Pāṇini by definition lived at the end of the Vedic period. He notes a few special rules, marked chandasi ("in the hymns") to account for forms in the Vedic scriptures that had fallen out of use in the spoken language of his time. These indicate that Vedic Sanskrit was already archaic, but still a comprehensible dialect.”

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Pāṇini

An Analytical Study of 'Sanskrit' and 'Panini' as Foundation of Speech Communication in India and the World

“Pingala was the brother of Panini.”

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Pāṇini

Vedarthadipika in: "History of Indian Literature".

“Pāṇini had before him a list of irregularly formed words, which survives, in a somewhat modified form, as the Uṇādi Sūtra.”

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Pāṇini

There are also two appendixes to which Pāṇini refers: one is the Dhātupāṭha, "List of Verbal Roots," containing some 2000 roots, of which only about 800 have been found in Sanskrit literature, and from which about fifty Vedic verbs are omitted; the second is the Gaṇapāṭha, or "List of Word-Groups," to which certain rules apply. These gaṇas were metrically arranged in the Gaṇaratna-mahodadhi, composed by Vardhamāna in 1140 A.D.
Appendix A History of Sanskrit Literature

“The grammar of Panini stands supreme among the grammars of the world, alike for its precision of statement, and for its thorough analysis of the roots of the language and of the formative principles of words. By employing an algebraic terminology, it attains a sharp succinctness unrivalled in brevity, but at times enigmatical. It arranges, in logical harmony, the whole phenomena which the Sanskrit language presents, and stands forth as one of the most splendid achievements of human invention and industry. So elaborate is the structure, that doubts have arisen whether its complex rules of formation and phonetic change, its polysyllabic derivatives, its ten conjugations with their multiform aorists and long array of tenses, could ever have been the spoken language of a people.”

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Pāṇini

—Sir William Wilson Hunter, .Quoted from Gewali, Salil (2013). Great Minds on India. New Delhi: Penguin Random House.