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Frases de Margaret Mead
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Margaret Mead foi uma antropóloga cultural norte-americana.

Nasceu na Pensilvânia, criada na localidade de Doylestown por um pai professor universitário e uma mãe activista social. Graduou-se no Barbard College em 1923 e fez doutorado na Universidade de Columbia em 1929. Em 1925, ficou conhecida pelo trabalho de campo na Polinésia. Em 1926, colaborou no Museu Americano de História Natural, em Nova Iorque, como assistente do diretor, e depois como diretora de etnologia . Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, foi secretária executiva do comité de hábitos alimentares do Conselho Nacional de Investigação.

Entre os anos de 1946 e 1953 Margaret Mead integrou o grupo reunido sob o nome de Macy Conferences, contribuindo para a consolidação da teoria cibernética ao lado de outros cientistas renomados: Arturo Rosenblueth, Gregory Bateson, Heinz von Foerster, John von Neumann, Julian Bigelow, Kurt Lewin, Lawrence Kubie, Lawrence K. Frank, Leonard J. Savage, Molly Harrower, Norbert Wiener, Paul Lazarsfeld, Ralph W. Gerard, Walter Pitts, Warren McCulloch e William Ross Ashby; além de Claude Shannon, Erik Erikson e Max Delbrück.

Desde 1954 trabalhou como professora adjunta da Universidade de Columbia. Seguindo o exemplo da instrutora e amante Ruth Benedict, concentrou os estudos em problemas de criança infantil, personalidade e cultura.Há desacordo com certas conclusões do primeiro livro, Adolescência, Sexo e Cultura em Samoa , baseado em investigações feitas como estudante pré-graduada; e em trabalhos publicados posteriormente, baseados no tempo que passou na Papua-Nova Guiné, como pessoa letrada pelas culturas descreveu ter posto em causa algumas das observações. Todavia, a posição como antropóloga pioneira — uma que escreveu de forma suficientemente clara e vívida para que o público em geral lesse e aprendesse com os trabalhos — permanece firme.

Margaret Mead foi casada três vezes, primeiro com Luther Cressman e depois com dois colegas antropólogos, Reo Fortune e Gregory Bateson. De Bateson teve uma filha, também antropóloga, Mary Catherine Bateson. A neta, Sevanne Margaret Kassarjian, é actriz de teatro e televisão e trabalha profissionalmente sob o nome artístico de Sevanne Martin. Wikipedia  

✵ 16. Dezembro 1901 – 15. Novembro 1978
Margaret Mead photo
Margaret Mead: 138   citações 11   Curtidas

Margaret Mead Frases famosas

“Nunca pense que um pequeno grupo de indivíduos altamente dedicados não pode mudar o mundo. Na verdade, foram eles os únicos que já o fizeram.”

Margaret Mead

“O que as pessoas dizem, o que as pessoas fazem e o que elas dizem que fazem; são coisas inteiramente diferentes.”

Margaret Mead

“Uma das mais antigas necessidades humanas é ter alguém para imaginar onde nós estamos quando não chegamos em casa à noite.”

Margaret Mead

“Sempre que liberamos uma mulher, libertamos um homem.”

Margaret Mead

Margaret Mead: Frases em inglês

“In every human society of which we have any record, there are those who teach and those who learn, for learning a way of life is implicit in all human culture as we know it. But the separation of the teacher's role from the role of all adults who inducted the young into the habitual behavior of the group, was a comparatively late invention. Furthermore, when we do find explicit and defined teaching, in primitive societies we find it tied in with a sense of the rareness or the precariousness of some human tradition.”

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Margaret Mead

"An Anthropologist Looks at the Teacher's Role" http://varenne.tc.columbia.edu/bib/texts/med00marg42anthlook.html, in Educational Method, Vol 21, (1942) p. 219-223
1940s

“We must recognize that beneath the superficial classifications of sex and race the same potentialities exist, recurring generation after generation, only to perish because society has no place for them.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1930s, Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935), p. 321

“Our humanity rests upon a series of learned behaviors, woven together into patterns that are infinitely fragile and never directly inherited.”

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Margaret Mead

As quoted in Familiar Medical Quotations (1968) by Maurice Benjamin Strauss, p. 288
1960s

“We will be a better country when each religious group can trust its members to obey the dictates of their own religious faith without assistance from the legal structure of their country.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1970s, Margaret Mead: Some Personal Views (1979), p. 71

“I do not believe in using women in combat, because females are too fierce.”

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Margaret Mead

As quoted in Quote Unquote (1977) by Lloyd Cory, p. 364
1970s

“I have tried, in this book, to do three things. I try first to bring a greater awareness of the way in which the differences and the similarities in the bodies of human beings are the basis on which all our learnings about our sex, and our relationship to the other sex, are built. Talking about our bodies is a complex and difficult matter. We are so used to covering them up, to referring to them obliquely with slang terms or in a borrowed language to hiding even infants' sex membership under blue and pink ribbons. It is difficult to become aware of those things about us which have been, and will always be, patterned by our own particular modesties and reticences. We reject, and very rightly, catalogues of caresses arranged in frequency tables, or accounts of childhood that read like a hospital chart…”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1940s, Male and Female (1949), p. 4-5

“We may say that many, if not all, of the personality traits which we have called masculine or feminine are as lightly linked to sex as are the clothing, the manners, and the form of headdress that a society at a given period assigns to either sex.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1930s, Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935), p. 280, cited in Perspectives in Cultural Anthropology (1987) by Herbert A. Applebaum, p. 141

“The semimetaphysical problems of the individual and society, of egoism and altruism, of freedom and determinism, either disappear or remain in the form of different phases in the organization of a consciousness that is fundamentally social.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1930s, Growing Up in New Guinea (1930), p. 696, as cited in Social Cognitive Psychology: History and Current Domains (1997), David F. Barone, James E. Maddux, Charles R. Snyder . p. 20

“Women should be permitted to volunteer for non-combat service, […] We have no real way of knowing whether the kinds of training that teach men both courage and restraint would be adaptable to women or effective in a crisis. But the evidence of history and comparative studies of other species suggest that women as a fighting body might be far less amenable to the rules that prevent war from becoming a massacre and, with the use of modern weapons, that protect the survival of all humanity. That is what I meant by saying that women in combat might be too fierce.”

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Margaret Mead

"Remarks about the Military Draft" (June 1968) in Margaret Mead, Some Personal Views (1979), edited by Rhoda Metraux, pp. 35–36
1960s

“Coming to terms with the rhythms of women's lives means coming to terms with life itself, accepting the imperatives of the body rather than the imperatives of an artificial, man-made, perhaps transcendentally beautiful civilization. Emphasis on the male work-rhythm is an emphasis on infinite possibilities; emphasis on the female rhythms is an emphasis on a defined pattern, on limitation.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1940s, Male and Female (1949), p. 181

“The recurrent problem of civilization is to define the male role satisfactorily enough … so that the male may in the course of his life reach a solid sense of irreversible achievement, of which his childhood knowledge of the satisfactions of child-bearing have given him a glimpse. In the case of women, it is only necessary that they be permitted by the given social arrangements to fulfil their biological role, to attain this sense of irreversible achievement. If women are to be restless and questing, even in the face of child-bearing, they must be made so through education…. Each culture--in its own way--has developed forms that will make men satisfied in their constructive activities without distorting their sure sense of their masculinity. Fewer cultures have yet found ways in which to give women a divine discontent that will demand other satisfactions than those of child-bearing.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1940s, Male and Female (1949), p. 168-169, as cited in F. Carolyn Graglia (1998) Domestic Tranquility: A brief against Feminism.

“A city must be a place where groups of women and men are seeking and developing the highest things they know.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1970s, Margaret Mead: Some Personal Views (1979), p. 118

“As an anthropologist, I have been interested in the effects that the theories of Cybernetics have within our society. I am not referring to computers or to the electronic revolution as a whole, or to the end of dependence on script for knowledge, or to the way that dress has succeeded the mimeographing machine as a form of communication among the dissenting young. Let me repeat that, I am not referring to the way that dress has succeeded the mimeographing machine as a form of communication among the dissenting young.
I specifically want to consider the significance of the set of cross-disciplinary ideas which we first called “feed-back” and then called “teleological mechanisms” and then called it “cybernetics,” a form of crossdisciplinary thought which made it possible for members of many disciplines to communicate with each other easily in a language which all could understand.”

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Margaret Mead

"Cybernetics of Cybernetics" in Purposive Systems : Proceedings of the First Annual Symposium American Society for Cybernetics (1967) edited by Heinz von Foerster, p. 2; also quoted in " Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics http://ada.evergreen.edu/~arunc/texts/cybernetics/heinz/ethics.pdf" (1991) by Heinz von Foerster
1960s

“How are men and women to think about their maleness and their femaleness in this twentieth century, in which so many of our old ideas must be made new? Have we over-domesticated men, denied their natural adventurousness, tied them down to machines that are after all only glorified spindles and looms, mortars and pestles and digging sticks, all of which were once women's work? Have we cut women off from their natural closeness to their children, taught them to look for a job instead of the touch of a child's hand, for status in a competitive world rather than a unique place by a glowing hearth? In educating women like men, have we done something disastrous to both men and women alike, or have we only taken one further step in the recurrent task of building more and better on our original human nature?”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1940s, Male and Female (1949), p. 1; Start of first chapter entitled "The Significance of the Questions We Ask"

“No skill, no special apti­tude, no vividness of imagination or precision of thinking would go unrecognized because the child who possessed it was of one sex rather than the other. No child would be relentlessly shaped to one pattern of behavior, but instead there should be many patterns, in a world that had learned to allow to each individual the pattern which was most congenial to his gifts.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1930s, Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies (1935), p. 321

“[In Western Samoa] native theory and vocabulary recognized the real pervert who was incapable of normal heterosexual response.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1920s, Coming of Age in Samoa (1928), p. 147-148

“To cherish the life of the world.”

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Margaret Mead

Epitaph, as quoted in Margaret Mead : A Voice for the Century‎ (1982) by Robert Cassidy, p. 152
1980s

“p. 14-15 as cited in: Theodore Schwartz (1979) Socialization As Cultural Communication.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1970s, Culture and commitment, 1970, p. 14-15

“If we are to give our utmost effort and skill and enthusiasm, we must believe in ourselves, which means believing in our past and in our future, in our parents and in our children, in that particular blend of moral purpose and practical inventiveness which is the American character.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1940s, And Keep Your Powder Dry: An Anthropologist Looks at America (1942), p. 234—235; cited in Portraits Of Industry (2004) by Lorie A. Annarella, p. 5

“Everything is grist for anthropology's mill.”

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Margaret Mead

As quoted in Margaret Mead: A Life (1984) by Jane Howard, Ch. 21, p. 319
1980s

“Our young people are faced by a series of different groups which believe different things and advocate different practices, and to each of which some trusted friend or relative may belong. So a girl's father may be a Presbyterian, an imperialist, a vegetarian, a teetotaller, with a strong literary preference for Edmund Burke, a believer in the open shop and a high tariff, who believes that women's place is in the home, that young girls should wear corsets, not roll their stockings, not smoke, nor go riding with young men in the evening. But her mother's father may be a Low Episcopalian, a believer in high living, a strong advocate of States' Rights and the Monroe Doctrine, who reads Rabelais, likes to go to musical shows and horse races…”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1920s, Coming of Age in Samoa (1928), p. 161

“We women are doing pretty well. We're almost back to where we were in the twenties.”

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Margaret Mead

1976
As quoted in Margaret Mead: A Life (1984) by Jane Howard, p. 362
1970s

“The solution to adult problems tomorrow depends on large measure upon how our children grow up today.”

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Margaret Mead

Attributed in Educational Psychology (2000) by Anita E. Woolfolk, p. 212
2000s

“No society has ever yet been able to handle the temptations of technology to mastery, to waste, to exuberance, to exploration and exploitation. We have to learn to cherish this earth and cherish it as something that's fragile, that's only one, it's all we have. We have to use our scientific knowledge to correct the dangers that have come from science and technology.”

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Margaret Mead

Radio excerpt presented by Voice of America (17 January 2010) http://learningenglish.voanews.com/content/margaret-mead-1901-1978-one-of-the-most-famous-anthropologists-in-the-world-124869344/112571.html
2000s

“Of all the peoples whom I have studied, from city dwellers to cliff dwellers, I always find that at least 50 percent would prefer to have at least one jungle between themselves and their mothers-in-law.”

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Margaret Mead

Attributed inBright Words for Dark Days: Meditations for Women Who Get the Blues (1994) by Caroline Adams Miller, p. 10
1990s

“The ability to learn is older — as it is also more widespread — than is the ability to teach.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1960s, Continuities in Cultural Evolution (1964), p. 44

“A city is a place where there is no need to wait for next week to get the answer to a question, to taste the food of any country, to find new voices to listen to and familiar ones to listen to again.”

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Margaret Mead

Attributed in The New Quotable Woman (1993) by Elaine Partnow, p. 331
1990s

“I think extreme heterosexuality is a perversion.”

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Margaret Mead

Attributed in Open Minds: Exploring Global Issues Through Reading and Discussion (1996) by Steven Widdows and Peter Voller, p. 69
1990s

“[Mead saw at least two major problems in dating. First, it encourages men and women to define heterosexual relationships as situational, rather than ongoing] You "have a date," you "go out with a date," you "groan because there isn't a decent date in town." A situation defined as containing a girl — or boy — of the right social background, the right degree of popularity, a little higher than your own.”

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Margaret Mead

Fonte: 1940s, Male and Female (1949), p. 286, with bracket text from: Mary Ann Lamanna, Agnes Czerwinski Riedmann, Agnes Riedmann [2006] Marriages & Families: Making Choices and Facing Change. p. 191

“I have spent most of my life studying the lives of other peoples — faraway peoples — so that Americans might better understand themselves.”

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Margaret Mead

Cited in: Justin Wintle (2002) Makers of Modern Culture. Vol. 1, p. 350
1970s, Blackberry Winter, 1972