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Louis Dembitz Brandeis foi um advogado norte-Americano e Associado de Justiça da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos no Supremo Tribunal dos Estados Unidos de 1916 a 1939. Ele nasceu em Louisville, Kentucky, e era filho de imigrantes Judeus da Boêmia , mas que o criaram em um ambiente secular. Ele frequentou a Escola de Direito de Harvard, e se formou aos vinte anos com a média de notas mais alta na história da faculdade. Brandeis se mudou para Boston, onde fundou um escritório de advocacia e tornou-se um advogado reconhecido através do seu trabalho progressista de causas sociais.

Em 1890, ele ajudou a desenvolver o conceito do "direito à privacidade " escrevendo um artigo para o Harvard Law Review com o mesmo título, e foi consequentemente creditado pelo jurista Roscoe Pound como tendo realizado "nada menos do que ter escrito outro capítulo do nosso Direito". Publicou, posteriormente, o Dinheiro de Outras Pessoas E Como os Banqueiros o Usam, sugerindo formas de limitar o poder dos grandes bancos e fundos financeiros. Era contra as grandes corporações, o monopólio, a corrupção pública, e o consumo em massa - tudo o que ele sentia que era prejudicial à cultura e aos valores Americanos. Ele também tornou-se membro ativo do movimento Sionista, vendo-o como uma solução para o anti-semitismo na Europa e na Rússia, e como uma maneira de "reviver o espírito Judaico."

Ao perceber que a condição financeira de sua família já era estável, começou a dedicar mais tempo às causas públicas, e ficou conhecido posteriormente como o "advogado do povo". Insistiu em trabalhar em diversos casos sem receber por seu trabalho para que ele pudesse estar livre para tratar das questões mais amplas neles envolvidas. A Revista The Economist lhe chamou de " Robin Hood da lei". Alguns de seus casos mais famosos foram contra os monopólios na indústria ferroviária, defendendo as leis trabalhistas, ajudando a criar o Sistema de Reserva Federal, e apresentando idéias para formação da nova Comissão Federal de Comércio .

Em 1908, no caso Muller v. Oregon, no qual se discutia a limitação de horas de trabalho para mulheres, Louis Brandeis inovou no direito norte-americano ao protocolar uma petição de mais de 600 páginas, com pouquíssimo referencial jurídico tradicional, porém com denso material sociológico e fático; trata-se do Brandeis Brief. Brandeis havia encetado extensa pesquisa, de modo que suas petições consubstanciam riquíssimo material que concentrava entendimentos dos mais variados campos do conhecimento.

Em 1916, o Presidente Woodrow Wilson nomeou Brandeis Juiz da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos. Sua indicação foi amplamente contestada, como o Juiz William O. Douglas escreveu, "Brandeis foi um militante da cruzada pela justiça social, independente de quem fosse seu adversário. Ele era perigoso, não só pelo quão brilhante ele era, pela aritmética, pela sua coragem. Ele era perigoso porque ele era incorruptível [e] os medos do Estabelecimento eram ainda maiores porque Brandeis foi o primeiro Judeu a ser nomeado para o Tribunal." No dia primeiro de junho de 1916, sua nomeação foi confirmada pelo Senado por votos de 47 a 22. Tornou-se uma das figuras mais famosas e influentes a terem servido na suprema corte. Suas opiniões foram, de acordo com os juristas, algumas das "maiores defesas" da liberdade de expressão e do direito à privacidade já escritos por um membro do Supremo Tribunal. Wikipedia  

✵ 13. Novembro 1856 – 5. Outubro 1941
Louis Brandeis photo
Louis Brandeis: 45   citações 0   Curtidas

Louis Brandeis: Frases em inglês

“There are many men now living who were in the habit of using the age-old expression: 'It is as impossible as flying.' The discoveries in physical science, the triumphs in invention, attest the value of the process of trial and error. In large measure, these advances have been due to experimentation.”

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Louis Brandeis

Dissent, New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262 (1932).
Judicial opinions

“The intensity and complexity of life, attendant upon advancing civilization, have rendered necessary some retreat from the world.”

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Louis Brandeis

"The Right to Privacy," 4 Harvard L. Rev. 193, 196 (1890).
Extra-judicial writings

“Those who won our independence by revolution were not cowards. They did not fear political change. They did not exalt order at the cost of liberty. To courageous, self-reliant men, with confidence in the power of free and fearless reasoning applied through the processes of popular government, no danger flowing from speech can be deemed clear and present, unless the incidence of the evil apprehended is so imminent that it may befall before there is opportunity for full discussion. If there be time to expose through discussion the falsehood and fallacies, to avert the evil by the processes of education, the remedy to be applied is more speech, not enforced silence.”

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Louis Brandeis

Concurring, Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357 (1927).
Judicial opinions

“Behind every argument is someone's ignorance.”

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Louis Brandeis

Reported in Irving Dilliard, Mr. Justice Brandeis, Great American (1941), p. 112.
Attributed

“There is in most Americans some spark of idealism, which can be fanned into a flame. It takes sometimes a divining rod to find what it is; but when found, and that means often, when disclosed to the owners, the results are often extraordinary.”

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Louis Brandeis

The Words of Justice Brandeis (1953).
Extra-judicial writings

“Constitutional rights should not be frittered away by arguments so technical and unsubstantial.”

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Louis Brandeis

Milwaukee Social Democratic Publishing Co. v. Burleson, 255 U.S. 407, 431 (1921).
Extra-judicial writings

“True human progress is based less on the inventive mind than on the conscience of men such as Brandeis.”

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Louis Brandeis

Albert Einstein, statement sent to the Boston journal The Jewish Advocate on 1931-10-19 on the occasion of Justice Brandeis' seventy-fifth birthday, quoted in Helen Dukas and Banesh Hoffman, eds., Albert Einstein: The Human Side (Princeton University Press, 1981), ISBN 0-691-02368-9, p. 85.

“With deepest veneration and fellow feeling, I clasp your hand on the occasion of your eightieth birthday. I know of no other person who combines such profound intellectual gifts with such self-renunciation while finding the whole meaning of his life in quiet service to the community. We -- all of us -- thank you not only for what you have accomplished and brought about, but also because we feel happy that such a man should exist at all in this time of ours, which is so lacking in genuine personalities.
With reverent greetings….”

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Louis Brandeis

Albert Einstein, letter to Justice Brandeis on 1936-11-10, ibid.
Dukas and Hoffman comment: "the handwritten original is among the Brandeis papers at the Law School of the University of Louisville."

“The progress of science in furnishing the government with means of espionage is not likely to stop with wire tapping. Ways may some day be developed by which the government, without removing papers from secret drawers, can reproduce them in court, and by which it will be enabled to expose to a jury the most intimate occurrences of the home. Advances in the psychic and related sciences may bring means of exploring unexpressed beliefs, thoughts and emotions. 'That places the liberty of every man in the hands of every petty officer' was said by James Otis of much lesser intrusions than these. 1 To Lord Camden a far slighter intrusion seemed 'subversive of all the comforts of society.”

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Louis Brandeis

Can it be that the Constitution affords no protection against such invasions of individual security?
Dissenting, Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438 (1928).
Judicial opinions

“Those who won our independence believed that the final end of the state was to make men free to develop their faculties, and that in its government the deliberative forces should prevail over the arbitrary. They valued liberty both as an end and as a means. They believed liberty to be the secret of happiness and courage to be the secret of liberty. They believed that freedom to think as you will and to speak as you think are means indispensable to the discovery and spread of political truth; that without free speech and assembly discussion would be futile; that with them, discussion affords ordinarily adequate protection against the dissemination of noxious doctrine; that the greatest menace to freedom is an inert people; that public discussion is a political duty; and that this should be a fundamental principle of the American government.”

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Louis Brandeis

Concurring, Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357, 375 (1927), at 375. In this case, in which the Court upheld a California anti-Communist statute, Brandeis, writing in a concurrence joined by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., concurred in the judgment but not in the reasoning. Whitney was later overruled (with the later Court adopting Brandeis's reasoning) in Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969).
Judicial opinions

“What are the American ideals? They are the development of the individual for his own and the common good; the development of the individual through liberty, and the attainment of the common good through democracy and social justice.”

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Louis Brandeis

“True Americanism” (1915).
Extra-judicial writings

“If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.”

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Louis Brandeis

in the Cleveland Plain Dealer (15 October 1912), as cited in A Treasury of Jewish Quotations, ed. Joseph L. Baron, Rowman & Littlefield (1996), p. 269 : ISBN 1568219482
Extra-judicial writings

“Every case that fell to him for opinion gave fresh occasion for the application of his principle that knowledge must precede understanding, and understanding should precede judging.”

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Louis Brandeis

Paul A. Freund, Proceedings in Memory of Mr. Justice Brandeis, 317 U.S. ix, xix–xx (1942).

“A man is a better citizen of the United States for being also a loyal citizen of his state, and of his city; for being loyal to his family, and to his profession or trade; for being loyal to his college or his lodge.... For only through the ennobling effect of its strivings can we develop the best that is in us and give to this country the full benefit of our great inheritance.”

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Louis Brandeis

The Jewish Problem And How to Solve It (1915).
Extra-judicial writings

“Go down to City Hall and see what is on the agenda for the next council meeting—garbage collection, water supply, it does not matter which one—then go and learn everything you can about it. Read past reports, talk to people, learn the topic until you know it as well as anyone. Then when you get up to speak, or to make a suggestion for change, your voice will be heard because you are knowledgeable. That is how reform works.”

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Louis Brandeis

According to daughter Elizabeth Brandeis Raushenbush, as told to biographer Melvin I. Urofsky, Louis D. Brandeis: A Life (2009), p. 130.
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