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Frases de Karl Kautsky

Karl Johann Kautsky foi um filósofo tcheco-austríaco, jornalista e teórico marxista e um dos fundadores da ideologia social-democrata. Foi uma das mais importantes figuras da história do marxismo, tendo editado o quarto volume do Das Kapital, de Karl Marx, as Teorias de Mais-Valia, que continha a avaliação crítica de Marx às teorias econômicas dos seus predecessores.Kautsky estudou história e filosofia na Universidade de Viena em 1874, e se tornou membro do Partido Social Democrático da Áustria em 1875. De 1885 a 1890, ele viveu em Londres, onde ele se tornou amigo de Friedrich Engels. Em 1891, foi coautor o Programa de Erfurt do Partido Social Democrata da Alemanha com August Bebel e Eduard Bernstein.

Após a morte de Friedrich Engels em 1895, Kautsky se tornou um dos mais importantes e influentes teóricos do socialismo. Mais tarde, no entanto, foi empurrado para uma posição de Centro no interior da Social-Democracia alemã, quando Rosa Luxemburgo e a esquerda do partido se separaram em 1916 devido ao apoio do partido à participação da Alemanha na Primeira Guerra Mundial . No entanto, diferentemente da Direita do seu partido, não sustentou esta posição patriótica até o fim da guerra. Em 1917 Kautsky mudou de opinião, deixando o SPD brevemente até 1922, quando se filiou ao Partido Social-Democrata Independente da Alemanha .

Em 1882, Kautsky fundou a revista Neue Zeit , da qual ele foi o editor até 1917.

Pelo seu apoio à entrada na Alemanha imperial na Primeira Guerra Mundial, e pelas suas posições crescentemente reformistas e anti-revolucionárias, Kautsky acabou por ser descrito como um "renegado" por Vladimir Lênin no seu panfleto clássico "A Revolução Proletária e o Renegado Kautsky" - que no entanto, considerou-se, até o fim da vida, como seu discípulo. Após a guerra, Kautsky escreveu várias críticas ao Bolchevismo na União Soviética, principalmente em seu trabalho de 1934 Marxismo e o Bolchevismo: Democracia e Ditadura:



Kautsky viveu em Berlim-Friedenau por muitos anos, onde uma placa comemorativa ainda existe em sua homenagem em Saarstraße 14. Wikipedia  

✵ 16. Outubro 1854 – 17. Outubro 1938
Karl Kautsky photo
Karl Kautsky: 9   citações 0   Curtidas

Karl Kautsky: Frases em inglês

“But if socialism is a social necessity, then it would be human nature and not socialism which would have to readjust itself, if ever the two clashed.”

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Karl Kautsky

Preface to Atlanticus, Produktion und Konsum im Sozialstaat (Production and Consumption in the Social State or in the Welfare State; Stuttgart: Verlag J. H. W. Dietz Nachf, 1989), p. xiv.

“When brought to the proletariat from the capitalist class, science is invariably adapted to suit capitalist interests. What the proletariat needs is a scientific understanding of its own position in society. That kind of science a worker cannot obtain in the officially and socially approved manner. The proletarian himself must develop his own theory. For this reason he must be completely self-taught.”

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Karl Kautsky

" The intellectuals and the workers http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol1/no1/kautsky.html," Die Neue Zeit, vol. 22, no. 4 (1903)

“I expect that soon the failure of the attempts to transform Russia into a Socialist community by methods of dictatorship will become apparent to all. The failure of the Communist experiment in Russia, however, does not mean the downfall of the Bolshevik regime. The two things are not necessarily linked together. Nay, they are mutually exclusive. The same backwardness that makes Socialism in Russia at the present time impossible favors the strengthening of despotism once it has taken root.”

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Karl Kautsky

Chap. IV, Democracy and Dictatorship
“Marxism and Bolshevism: Democracy and Dictatorship,” (1934) http://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1934/bolshevism/index.htm

“According to the laws of social development established by Marx, a backward agricultural country cannot show the way to Socialism to other countries. Its failure in this respect is foreordained. It is merely a question of when and how this failure will finally manifest itself. Until now the Bolsheviki have been skillful in disguising their failure under the mask of promises of a glorious future. The last such promise was the Five-Year plan. But the Bolshevist state economy has been in existence now more than fifteen years. For more than ten years the USSR has been enjoying complete peace. And yet, contrary to all promises, things under the Bolshevist state economy have been getting worse every year, (excepting the short period of the Nep), and the day is not far distant when even the most credulous will become convinced that the Bolshevist way leads not upward, toward Socialism, but downward, to open ruin or slow disintegration.”

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Karl Kautsky

Chap. IV, Democracy and Dictatorship
“Marxism and Bolshevism: Democracy and Dictatorship,” (1934) http://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1934/bolshevism/index.htm

“The worst reproach that Engels could make against the first English Marxists was that they were applying Marxism in a sectarian spirit. What would he have said, had he lived to see it, about a school of Marxists who after succeeding in capturing the state power proceeded to make a state religion of Marxism, a religion whose articles of faith and their interpretation are watched over by the government, a religion, the criticism of which, nay, the slightest deviation from which, is sternly punished by the State; a Marxism ruling by the methods of the Spanish Inquisition, propagated with fire and sword, practicing a theatrical ritual, as illustrated by the embalmed body of Lenin: a Marxism reduced to the status not only of a state religion but of a medieval or oriental faith? Such a Marxism may indeed be called a doctrinaire fanaticism.”

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Karl Kautsky

Chap. I, The Beginnings of Marxism
“Marxism and Bolshevism: Democracy and Dictatorship,” (1934) http://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1934/bolshevism/index.htm

“Under all circumstances we shall remain the champions of democracy and humanity. We reject as senseless and cruel and ruinous to both our cause and our nation the suggestion that we strive to arrive at humanity by the method of brutality.”

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Karl Kautsky

Chap. V, The Period of Dictatorship
"Hitlerism and Social Democracy" (1934) https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1934/hitler/index.htm

“The choice of methods and weapons to be used by the champions of democracy will not depend upon our wishes but will be determined by political and social conditions. and especially by the methods and weapons of the enemy.”

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Karl Kautsky

Chap. V, The Period of Dictatorship
"Hitlerism and Social Democracy" (1934) https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1934/hitler/index.htm

“Our duty is not merely to abolish the capitalist order but to set up a higher order in its place. But we must oppose those forces aiming to destroy capitalism only in order to replace it with another barbarous mode of production.”

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Karl Kautsky

Chap. V, The Period of Dictatorship
"Hitlerism and Social Democracy" (1934) https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1934/hitler/index.htm

“Dictators may torture or kill us, but they shall not succeed in demoralizing the soul of our movement, in bringing it to a state where for the sake of saving its life it is willing to renounce its ideal. Our cause will conquer in spite of everything, for in economic life as well as in politics the highest ability to accomplish and to advance things belongs to communities and organizations of free men working in free cooperation. These free communities will far outstrip every collective body, every organization that is built on compulsion and that can be maintained only by brute force; and ultimately the communities based on oppression will perish.”

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Karl Kautsky

Chap. V, The Period of Dictatorship
"Hitlerism and Social Democracy" (1934) https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1934/hitler/index.htm