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Frases de Eduard Bernstein

Eduard Bernstein foi um político e teórico político alemão. Foi o primeiro grande revisionista da teoria marxista e um dos principais teóricos da social-democracia.

Membro do Partido Social-Democrata , e o fundador do socialismo evolutivo e do revisionismo. Bernstein tinha realizado estreita associação de Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels, mas ele viu falhas no pensamento marxista e começou a criticar opiniões defendidas pelo marxismo quando ele investigou e desafiou a teoria marxista materialista da história. Ele rejeitou partes significativas da teoria marxista que eram baseadas na metafísica hegeliana, e rejeitou a perspectiva da dialética hegeliana. Bernstein distingue entre o início de marxismo como sendo sua forma imatura: a exemplo do Manifesto Comunista escrito por Marx e Engels em sua juventude, o qual ele se opunha por considera-lo semelhante as violentas tendências do blanquistas;. e fase mais tarde do marxismo como sendo sua forma madura que ele apoiou. Esta forma madura do marxismo refere-se a Marx em sua vida depois de reconhecer que o socialismo poderia ser alcançado através de meios pacíficos através de uma reforma legislativa em sociedades democráticas. Sem a necessidade de uma revolução, afirmou Bernstein, que a ética pode ser restaurado para o socialismo em um sistema capitalista, com o Estado como um bem essencial para os trabalhadores Wikipedia  

✵ 6. Janeiro 1850 – 18. Dezembro 1932
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Eduard Bernstein: 8   citações 0   Curtidas

Eduard Bernstein: Frases em inglês

“The parties which assumed the names of liberals were, or became in due course, simple guardians of capitalism.”

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Eduard Bernstein

Fonte: "Evolutionary Socialism" (1899) https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1899/evsoc/index.htm, Chapter III, The Tasks and Possibilities of Social Democracy

“The fact of the modern national States or empires not having originated organically does not prevent their being organs of that great entity which we call civilised humanity, and which is much too extensive to be included in any single State. And, indeed, these organs are at present necessary and of great importance for human development. On this point Socialists can scarcely differ now. And it is not even to be regretted, from the Socialist point of view, that they are not characterised purely by their common descent. The purely ethnological national principle is reactionary in its results. Whatever else one may think about the race-problem, it is certain that the thought of a national division of mankind according to race is anything rather than a human ideal. The national quality is developing on the contrary more and more into a sociological function. But understood as such it is a progressive principle, and in this sense Socialism can and must be national. This is no contradiction of the cosmopolitan consciousness, but only its necessary completion, The world-citizenship, this glorious attainment of civilisation, would, if the relationship to national tasks and rational duties were missing, become a flabby characterless parasitism. Even when we sing "Ubi bene, ibi patria," we still acknowledge a "patria," and, therefore, in accordance with the motto, "No rights without duties"; also duties towards her.”

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Eduard Bernstein

Bernstein, Eduard. "Patriotism, Militarism and Social-Democracy." (Originally published as: "Militarism." Social Democrat. Vol.11 no.7, 15 July 1907, pp.413-419.) http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1907/07/patriotism.htm

“We may think as we like theoretically, about man’s freedom of action, we must practically start from it as the foundation of the moral law, for only under this condition is social morality possible.”

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Eduard Bernstein

Fonte: "Evolutionary Socialism" (1899) https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1899/evsoc/index.htm, Chapter III, The Tasks and Possibilities of Social Democracy

“Democracy is the high school of compromise.”

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Eduard Bernstein

Fonte: "Evolutionary Socialism" (1899) https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1899/evsoc/index.htm, Chapter III, The Tasks and Possibilities of Social Democracy

“Democracy is in principle the suppression of class government, though it is not yet the actual suppression of classes.”

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Eduard Bernstein

Fonte: "Evolutionary Socialism" (1899) https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1899/evsoc/index.htm, Chapter III, The Tasks and Possibilities of Social Democracy

“If democracy is not to excel centralised absolutism in the breeding of bureaucracies, it must be built up on an elaborately organised self-government with a corresponding economic, personal responsibility of all the units of administration as well as of the adult citizens of the state. Nothing is more injurious to its healthy development than enforced uniformity and a too abundant amount of protectionism or subventionism.”

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Eduard Bernstein

Fonte: "Evolutionary Socialism" (1899) https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1899/evsoc/index.htm, Chapter III, The Tasks and Possibilities of Social Democracy

“The aim of all socialist measures, even of those which appear outwardly as coercive measures, is the development and the securing of a free personality. Their more exact examination always shows that the coercion included will raise the sum total of liberty in society, and will give more freedom over a more extended area than it takes away.”

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Eduard Bernstein

Fonte: "Evolutionary Socialism" (1899) https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1899/evsoc/index.htm, Chapter III, The Tasks and Possibilities of Social Democracy

“The increase of social wealth is not accompanied by a diminishing number of capitalist magnates, but by an increasing number of capitalists of all degrees.”

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Eduard Bernstein

Fonte: "Evolutionary Socialism" (1899) https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bernstein/works/1899/evsoc/index.htm, Chapter II, The Economic Development of Modern Society